Loss and representativeness in a biomedical survey at age 45 years: 1958 British birth cohort

Atherton, Kate; Fuller, Elizabeth; Shepherd, Peter; Strachan, David P.; Power, Chris

doi:10.1136/jech.2006.058966

Cited by 201 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, our findings cannot be extrapolated to nonwhite ethnic groups, given the reported heterogeneity by ethnic origin reported for 25(OH)D influences on glucose and lipid metabolism (4). As recently described, some sample attrition has occurred during the survey, and although the present sample remains broadly representative of the surviving cohort, there is some under-representation of specific minority groups (39). An important limitation in our study is that, for practical reasons, fasting samples are not available.…”

Section: Vitamin D Igf-1 and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 87%

25-Hydroxyvitamin D, IGF-1, and Metabolic Syndrome at 45 Years of Age

Hyppönen¹,

et al. 2008

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OBJECTIVE-Hypovitaminosis D and reduced IGF-1 are associated, individually, with metabolic syndrome. Physiological interactions between vitamin D and IGF-1 are reported; this is the first study to investigate their combined associations with metabolic syndrome prevalence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Data on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), IGF-1, and metabolic syndrome abnormalities (abdominal obesity; raised A1C, blood pressure, and triglycerides; and low HDL cholesterol) were collected from 6,810 British white subjects in the 1958 cohort, surveyed during 2002-2004 (age 45 years). RESULTS-IGF-1 concentrations increased with 25(OH)D up toϳ75-85 nmol/l but not thereafter. Both 25(OH)D and IGF-1 were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome. There was an interaction between 25(OH)D and IGF-1 (P ϭ 0.025) on metabolic syndrome prevalence: IGF-1 was not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome among those with the lowest levels of 25(OH)D (P Ͼ 0.09), whereas higher 25(OH)D was associated with metabolic syndrome at all IGF-1 concentrations (P Յ 0.006). Metabolic syndrome prevalence was lowest for participants with the highest concentrations of both 25(OH)D and IGF-1 (odds ratio for highest vs. lowest third of both 0.26 [95% CI 0.17-0.40], P Ͻ 0.0001; adjusted for sex, month, hour, inactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and social class). 25(OH)D was associated with the prevalence of high A1C, blood pressure, and triglycerides after adjustment for IGF-1, obesity, and social and lifestyle variations (P Յ 0.004 for all comparisons). (1,2); however, for both factors, lower concentrations have been associated with disturbed glucose metabolism (3-8), high blood pressure (9 -11), adverse lipid profiles (2,12,13), and cardiovascular disease (8,14,15) independently of body mass. The evidence for associations between vitamin D and IGF-1 axes with metabolic risk includes prospective studies, clinical trials, and dose-related effects, suggesting that associations may prove to be causal. Mechanisms by which vitamin D and IGF-1 axes may lead to human disease are, however, not fully understood, and despite evidence for physiological interaction between these risk factors (16 -18), little is known about their joint effects, and we can find no previous studies investigating their combined associations with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS-SerumVitamin D is a hormone precursor, which before exerting its metabolic effects undergoes two successive hydroxylations.

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Section: Vitamin D Igf-1 and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 87%

25-Hydroxyvitamin D, IGF-1, and Metabolic Syndrome at 45 Years of Age

Hyppönen¹,

et al. 2008

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“…11 Abuse was reported blind to knowledge of our research questions, and most midadult outcomes (6 of 7) were assessed 5 years later (at age 50 years). Participants in midadulthood are generally representative of the surviving cohort 20 ; we followed current guidelines for multiple imputation 34 to avoid loss from missing data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respondents in midadulthood were broadly representative of the surviving cohort. 20 Ethical approval was given for various surveys, including at 50 years, by the London Multicentre Research Ethics Committee; informed consent was obtained from participants at various ages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following guidelines (to justify the plausibility of the missingat-random assumption), imputation models included all model variables (including 23-year outcomes), plus main predictors of missingness (7-year behavior and cognitive ability). 20 Regression analyses were run across 20 imputed data sets and overall estimates were obtained. Imputed results were broadly similar to those obtained by using observed values; the former are presented.…”

Section: Mental Health 16 (T)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Maltreatment and Adult Living Standards at 50 Years

Pereira

Power

2017

Pediatrics

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“…We use IPW to allow for possible unrepresentativeness of the complete cases. For the missingness model, i.e., the model for the probability that an individual is a complete case, we used potential predictors of missingness recorded at birth and age 7 that were identified by Atherton et al (2008) as well as further predictors measured at age 11. All were categorical.…”

Section: Application To Ncds Datamentioning

confidence: 99%