Lossless Steganography on Orthogonal Vector for 3D H.264 with Limited Distortion Diffusion

Abstract

In order to improve the undetectability, a lossless algorithm based on orthogonal vectors with limited distortion diffusion for 3D H.264 video is proposed in this paper. Inter-view distortion drift is avoided by embedding data into frames, which do not predict other views. Three conditions and pairs of coefficients are proposed to prevent intra-frame distortion diffusion. Several quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients are chosen from an embeddable luminance 4×4 block to construct a carrier vector, which is modified by an offset vector. When the carrier vector and the offset vector are orthogonal or near to be orthogonal, a data bit can be hidden. Experimental results indicate that the method is effective by enhancing peak signal-to-noise ratio with 7.5dB and reducing the Kullback-Leibler divergence with 0.07 at least. More than 1.7×1015 ways could be utilized for constructing the vectors, so it is more difficult for others to steal data.