Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Urits, Ivan; Burshtein, Aaron; Sharma, Medha; Testa, Lauren; Gold, Peter A.; Orhurhu, Vwaire; Viswanath, Omar; Jones, Mark R.; Sidransky, Moises A.; Spektor, Boris; Kaye, Alan D.

doi:10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1

Cited by 405 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

332

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Mechanism of Pain Low back pain (LBP) encompasses three distinct sources: axial lumbosacral, radicular, and referred pain. For that reason, there are many different pathophysiological mechanisms in play [61]. Despite the fact that LBP has been the subject of much study and clinical effort, no clear-cut effective treatment has yet emerged.…”

Section: Low Back Pain (Lbp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathophysiologic Approach to Pain Therapy for Complex Pain Entities: A Narrative Review

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pain management is challenging for both clinicians and patients. In fact, pain patients are frequently undertreated or even completely untreated. Optimal treatment is based on targeting the underlying mechanisms of pain and tailoring the management modality for each patient using a personalized approach. This narrative review deals with pain conditions that have a complex underlying mechanism and need an individualized and frequently multifactorial approach to pain management. The research is based on previously conducted studies, and does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. This is not an exhaustive review of the current evidence. However, it provides the clinician with a perspective on pain therapy targeting the underlying pain mechanism(s). When dealing with complex pain conditions, the prudent physician benefits from having a deep knowledge of various underlying pain mechanisms in order to provide a plan for optimal pharmacological pain relief to patients.

show abstract

Section: Low Back Pain (Lbp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source(s) of pain should be identified and specifically targeted. The most common causes of LBP are myofascial pain [63], facet-mediated pain due to either degeneration [64] or OA [61], discogenic pain [65,66,67], failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) [68,69], spinal stenosis pain [70], and sacroiliac joint pain [71].…”

Section: Low Back Pain (Lbp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiologic Approach to Pain Therapy for Complex Pain Entities: A Narrative Review

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a principal cause of disability among the global people, low back pain (LBP) not only brings long-term suffering to individuals but also creates heavy economic burdens for society [1,2]. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is considered to be a main contributor to LBP in the modern society [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Autophagy Protects against Oxidative Damage in Rat Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Chen

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although endogenous nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cell- (NPMSC-) based regenerative medicine has provided promising repair strategy for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, the hostile microenvironments in IVD, including oxidative stress, can negatively affect the survival and function of the NPMSCs and severely hinder the endogenous repair process. Therefore, it is of great importance to reveal the mechanisms of the endogenous repair failure caused by the adverse microenvironments in IVD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the rat NPMSCs and its underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that oxidative stress inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NPMSCs. In addition, the results showed that the expression level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased at an early stage but decreased at a late stage when NPMSCs were exposed to oxidative stress, and the oxidative damages of NPMSCs could be partially reversed by promoting the expression of HO-1. Further mechanistic analysis indicated that the protective effect of HO-1 against oxidative damage in NPMSCs was mediated by the activation of autophagy. Taken together, our study revealed that oxidative stress could inhibit cell viability, induce apoptosis, and increase ROS production in NPMSCs, and HO-1-mediated autophagy might act as a protective response to the oxidative damage. These findings might enhance our understanding on the mechanism of the endogenous repair failure during IVD degeneration and provide novel research direction for the endogenous repair of IVD degeneration.

show abstract

“…(2,3) It is mechanical compression of nerve root usually at the exit foramen or lateral recess secondary to degenerative disc disease ,osteo arthritis, facet degeneration or hypertrophy, ligamentous hypertrophy ,spondylolisthesis or its combination though rarely also caused by radiation, diabetes mellitus, neoplastic disease Or any meningeal disease . (4,5,6) As per American College of Radiologyprojectional radiographyis an appropriate tool for initial study ,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the portion of the spine . Electrodiagnostic testing, consisting of NCS (nerve conduction study) and EMG (electromyography), aremore significant and specific diagnostic tool to ascertain nerve root injury .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiculitis and its Current Approach

2019

International Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Arunachal) Irrespective of their clinical severity all patients were advocated the prescribed regime and were followed for post therapy 2 years for which patients been given a follow up card to record the changes. Result Patients of mild, moderate and severe grade of clinical presentation shows grade I clinical response with improved quality of life in 100%,80.2% and 88.4% patients respectively, though 0.9% and 1.9% of moderate and severe grade of clinical severity fails to prove worth. No patients of either status had alteration in bio parameters or any adversity during therapy or 2 years of post-therapy follow up .

show abstract

Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Cited by 405 publications

References 51 publications

Pathophysiologic Approach to Pain Therapy for Complex Pain Entities: A Narrative Review

Pathophysiologic Approach to Pain Therapy for Complex Pain Entities: A Narrative Review

Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Autophagy Protects against Oxidative Damage in Rat Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Radiculitis and its Current Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About