Low Birth Weight and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

Desta, Melaku

doi:10.5772/intechopen.89049

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…All these happen as a cascade leading to hypoglycemia and apnoea coupled with immaturity of the brain and multiple ischemic brain injuries caused by recurrent hypoxic and bradycardiac spells. These have also been reported by other researchers [ 10 , 55 , 57 – 59 ]. This is unlike the study by Lemons et al [ 21 ] where acute pulmonary disease was the highest comorbidity among the LBW babies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Outcomes and Disease Spectrum of LBW Neonates in a Secondary Health Facility

Oluwafemi¹,

Adesina

Hassan³

2022

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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Globally, 30 million low birth weight (LBW) babies are born every year and 95% of them are from developing countries. LBW neonates are at a high risk of mortality, morbidity, and long-term disability. The objective of this study is to investigate outcomes and disease spectrum among low birth weight neonates. This is a prospective, observational study conducted on 540 neonates admitted in the Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2018. Questionnaire, interview, clinical, and diagnostic procedures were used as research tools. There were 137 low birth weight (LBW) neonates, with the mean mothers’ age of 31.92 ± 6.60. Of the 540 neonates, 69 (50.4%) and 68 (49.6%) were term and preterm, respectively. There were 64 female neonates (46.7%) and 73 male neonates (53.3%). The mean weight of the neonates was 1.82 ± 0.44 kg, and mean number of days on admission was 6.42 ± 6.75 days. Neonatal sepsis (NNS) was the highest morbidity 51 (37.2%) among the LBW neonates, followed by prematurity 47 (34.4%) and neonatal jaundice (NNJ) 18 (13.1%). Sex (χ2 = 3.584, p = 0.310 ), mode of delivery (χ2 = 4.669, p = 0.198 ), and gestational age (χ2 = 3.904, p = 0.272 ) were not a significant determinant of outcome among LBW neonates. Men were 2.36 times more likely to be preterm (OR = 2.36, 95% CL = 1.01–5.54, p = 0.048 ) among LBW neonates. Outcomes of LBW neonates who were delivered by SVD were not significant compared to preterm delivered by CS (OR = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.13–1.65, p = 0.096 ). Sixty percent (60%) of the mothers had Prolonged Rupture of Membranes (PROM). Morbidities such as hypothermia (72.2%), apnoea (63.6%), haemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN) (66.7%), and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (66.7%) were more observed with preterm LBW neonates. Importance of qualitative antenatal care (ANC) should be emphasized; anticipation and prevention of LBW births can help mitigate some of the problems they are prone to.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Outcomes and Disease Spectrum of LBW Neonates in a Secondary Health Facility

Oluwafemi¹,

Adesina

Hassan³

2022

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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“…Birth weight is the single most important marker for perinatal and neonatal outcomes [ 9 ]. LBW is a significant determinant of neurodevelopmental disabilities and adult-onset diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Low Birth Weight Among Newborn Babies and Its Associated Maternal Risk Factors: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Devaguru¹,

Gada²,

Potpalle³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background Low birth weight (LBW) is at the forefront of 100 core health issues that are used as indicators to assess the global nutrition monitoring framework as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Several factors could contribute to LBW, which essentially include intrauterine growth retardation and premature delivery/birth. Moreover, LBW predisposes neonates to several developmental disturbances including both physical and mental disorders. Given that LBW is more common in poor and developing countries, there is not much reliable data that could be used to formulate strategies for controlling this problem. This study, therefore, attempts to assess the prevalence of LBW among newborn babies and its associated maternal risk factors. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out between June 2016 and May 2017 (one year) and included 327 LBW babies. A predefined and prevalidated questionnaire was used to obtain data for the study. The data collected included age, religion, parity, birth spacing, pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, height, mother’s education, occupation, family income, socioeconomic status, obstetric history, previous history of stillbirths and abortions, and history of any LBW baby. Results The prevalence of LBW was noted to be 36.33%. The occurrence of LBW babies was predominant among mothers who were aged <19 years (62.26%) and >35 years (57.14%). Grand multipara women showed the highest rates (53.70%) of LBW babies. Additionally, LBW was predominantly noticed among newborns (46.66%) with a birth spacing of <18 months, those born to mothers with pre-pregnancy weight of <40 Kg (94.04%), mothers with a height of <145 cm (83.46%), mothers who gained <7 kg during the pregnancy (82.20%), illiterate mothers (43.75%), and mothers who were agricultural workers (63.76%). Other maternal factors that could predispose to LBW included lower monthly income (66.25%), low socioeconomic status (52.90%), less number of antenatal visits (59.65%), low blood hemoglobin (100%), history of strenuous physical activities (48.66%), smoking and/or tobacco chewing habit (91.42%), alcoholism (66.66%), lack of iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy (64.58%), history of stillbirths (51.51%), and mothers suffering from chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia (47.61%), and tuberculosis (75%). Religion-wise, Muslim mothers revealed the highest prevalence (48.57%) of LBW, followed by Hindus (37.71%) and Christians (20%). The mother’s age, pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, height of the mother, hemoglobin concentration, weight of the baby, and length of the newborn (p≤0.05) could influence the health of the newborn. However, maternal infections, previous bad obstetrics history, presence of systemic illnesses, and protein and calorie supplementation (p≥0.05) had no significant impact on birth weight. Conclusions The results showed that multiple factors are respo...

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“…Infants with LBW are usually disadvantaged and have a higher risk of neonatal and postneonatal mortality and morbidity. Furthermore, early and late morbid conditions such as coronary heart disease, impaired cognitive ability and psychological disorders are also associated with children within this category, which makes them a burden for both their families and particularly, the government in developing countries (Desta, 2019). In addition to this, LBW babies also suffer from perinatal-neonatal problems such as infections, malformation, asphyxia, hypothermia and neonatal sepsis (Bayih et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Maternal Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Babies Delivered in Selected Primary Health Care Centres in Abuja Municipal Area Council, FCT, Nigeria

Adeosun¹,

Amosu²

2021

African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery

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Introduction: Globally, low birth weight remains a public health challenge and is a major risk factor for infant mortality. Therefore, this study investigated the factors associated with low birth weight babies delivered in health facilities within Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology: Secondary data from January 2017 to December 2020 was extracted from 330 delivery records in ten (10) Primary Health Care centres to assess the determinants of low birth weight babies born in Abuja. Findings: The results showed that the mean age of mothers was 27.8 ± 5.1. Majority of the mothers (93.6%) were between 16 and 35 years of age, 93.6% were married, 67% were Christians, 23.3% had no formal education, 31.5% were housewives and 75.8% lived in rural communities. The mean birth weight of babies was 3.05 ± 0.55 kg and 20.3% of the babies had low birth weight compared to 79.7% with normal weights at birth. Maternal age, p=0.02; marital status, p=0.02; religion, p=001; occupation, p=0.001; and weight, p=0.000 were found to be significantly associated with having LBW babies. Maternal obstetric characteristics such as birth spacing, p=0.00; haematocrit level, p=0.001; pregnancy termination, p=0.001; and medical conditions, p=0.00 were also significantly associated with birth weight. Conclusion: The study reported a high prevalence of low birth weight; it also revealed the protective effects of being married on LBW. However, being a housewife significantly increased the risk for having a low birth weight baby.

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Low Birth Weight and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

Cited by 3 publications

References 69 publications

Outcomes and Disease Spectrum of LBW Neonates in a Secondary Health Facility

Outcomes and Disease Spectrum of LBW Neonates in a Secondary Health Facility

The Prevalence of Low Birth Weight Among Newborn Babies and Its Associated Maternal Risk Factors: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Maternal Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Babies Delivered in Selected Primary Health Care Centres in Abuja Municipal Area Council, FCT, Nigeria

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