Low Cost AIP Design in 5G Flexible Antenna Phase Array System Application

Tung, Wei‐Hsuan; Liu, Chih-Kai; Chen, Chiung-An; Rao, P.V.D. Somasekhar; Abu, Patricia Angela R.; Chen, Wan-Ming; Asadi, Faisal; Chen, Shih-Lun

doi:10.3390/mi11090851

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ceramic antennas, in this context, have emerged as a focal point due to their potential to reduce antenna size while maintaining, or even enhancing, performance efficiency. These advancements in antenna technology are crucial for realizing the high data speeds and reliability promised by 5G [25][26][27][28][29]. Concurrently, there is a growing interest in integrating blockchain technology in the manufacturing of 5G communication components.…”

Section: Objective Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing 5G Antenna Manufacturing Efficiency and Reliability through Blockchain and Smart Contract Integration: A Comprehensive AHP Analysis

An,

Ngayo,

Hong

2024

Applied Sciences

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This study pioneers the enhancement of 5G antenna manufacturing efficiency and reliability by integrating blockchain and smart contract technologies, supported by an in-depth Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. At the heart of our innovation lies the blockchain-based SER-M (B-SER-M) model, which delineates ‘Subject’, ‘Environment’, and ‘Resources’ as crucial factors in the manufacturing process. Our refined AHP analysis reveals ‘Subject’ as the paramount factor, with a pivotal influence weight of 0.465, underscoring its significance in elevating production efficiency and reliability. The integration of blockchain technology facilitates impeccable record-keeping and tracking at each production stage, thereby bolstering data integrity and enhancing traceability. Furthermore, the incorporation of smart contracts streamlines operations by automating processes, enabling the rapid identification and resolution of issues. These technological advancements not only significantly elevate manufacturing efficiency but also markedly improve reliability and quality control across antenna production. The enhanced results of our study demonstrate the formidable potential of integrating cutting-edge technologies in manufacturing, presenting a solid model for sustaining industry competitiveness in an increasingly digital and interconnected realm. Our contributions lay the groundwork for transformative advancements in manufacturing practices, setting a new benchmark for the integration of blockchain and smart contract technologies in enhancing 5G antenna production efficiency and reliability.

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Section: Objective Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing 5G Antenna Manufacturing Efficiency and Reliability through Blockchain and Smart Contract Integration: A Comprehensive AHP Analysis

An,

Ngayo,

Hong

2024

Applied Sciences

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“…Distinct from conventional antennas, which typically possess fixed directional capabilities, 5G antennas are required to exhibit a higher degree of adaptability, managing signal transmission across multiple trajectories. Contemporary research is intensely focused on engineering antennas with superior tuning mechanisms, aimed at optimizing signal directionality and amplification [41][42][43].…”

Section: The Advancement Of 5g Antenna Technology: Challenges and Bre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Blockchain, Causal Loop Diagrams, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to Enhance Fifth-Generation Ceramic Antenna Manufacturing: A Technology–Organization–Environment Framework Approach

An,

Ngayo,

Hong

2024

Systems

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This study used a technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework as the primary analytical tool to explore the burgeoning capabilities of blockchain technology in the area of 5G ceramic antenna development. A causal loop diagram (CLD) analysis is used to further clarify the complex dynamics and feedback mechanisms, and the impact of blockchain on the design, production, and deployment phases of ceramic antennas, which play a pivotal role in the development of 5G communications, is studied. We found that blockchain’s unique features, including its immutable ledger and decentralized architecture, have the potential to significantly improve the transparency, security, and efficiency of the ceramic antenna manufacturing process. Technology (T), organization (O), and environment (E) were used as the top factors, and the subfactors of TOE were selected and analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by CLD. The AHP analysis was used to evaluate the relative importance of various internal and external factors affecting the adoption of blockchain technology. The integration of the TOE framework with AHP and CLD provides a comprehensive analytical tool that enhances the understanding of the complex dynamics in the 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing process. This methodological approach not only clarifies the interactions between technological, organizational, and environmental factors but also facilitates strategic decision-making through a structured evaluation of these factors. The AHP analysis showed that technical factors are the most important in the TOE analysis of 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing, with a weight of 0.427, which indicates the important role of technical factors in the development of ceramic antenna production. In addition, environmental and organizational factors were given weights of 0.302 and 0.271, respectively, confirming the importance of technological innovation and internal process optimization. In the subfactor of Technology (T), ‘Blockchain Technology’ has the highest ranking among the subfactors, with a global weight value of 0.129, emphasizing the importance of blockchain technology. This study explored the technical and organizational complexities of introducing blockchain technology into the 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing industry and, through an in-depth investigation of the potential benefits of such integration, it aims to propose new approaches to improve quality control and manufacturing efficiency. The research findings aim to contribute to the sustainable growth of the telecommunications industry by providing strategic recommendations for the application of blockchain technology in the production of 5G ceramic antennas.

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“…For the middle parts, we proposed that a reconfigurable ridge be used to optimize axial ratio by using a different depth of ridge inside the waveguide. Figure 16a shows an NSI-700S-360 antenna chamber [16]. Its measurement coordinates are shown in Figure 16b.…”

Section: Antenna Manufacturing and Experimental Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uses of a Dual-Band Corrugated Circularly Polarized Horn Antenna for 5G Systems

Liu

Rao²,

Hung

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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This paper presents the development of a wide-beam width, dual-band, omnidirectional antenna for the mm-wave band used in 5G communication systems for indoor coverage. The 5G indoor environment includes features of wide space and short range. Additionally, it needs to function well under a variety of circumstances in order to carry out its diverse set of network applications. The waveguide antenna has been designed to be small enough to meet the requirements of mm-wave band and utilizes a corrugated horn to produce a wide beam width. Additionally, it is small enough to integrate with 5G communication products and is easy to manufacture. This design is simple enough to have multi-feature antenna performance and is more useful for the femtocell repeater. The corrugated circularly polarized horn antenna has been designed for two frequency bands; namely, 26.5–30 GHz for the low band and 36–40 GHz for high band. The results of this study show that return-loss is better than 18 dB for both low and high band. The peak gain is 6.1 dBi for the low band and 8.7 dBi for the high band. The beam width is 105 degrees and 77 degrees for the low band and the high band, respectively. The axial ratio is less than 5.2 dB for both low and high band. Generally, traditional circularly polarized antennas cannot meet the requirements for broadband. The designs for the antennas proposed here can meet the requirements of FR2 bandwidths. This feature limits axial ratio performance. The measurement error in the current experiment comes from the high precision control on the size of the ridge.

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Low Cost AIP Design in 5G Flexible Antenna Phase Array System Application

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Enhancing 5G Antenna Manufacturing Efficiency and Reliability through Blockchain and Smart Contract Integration: A Comprehensive AHP Analysis

Enhancing 5G Antenna Manufacturing Efficiency and Reliability through Blockchain and Smart Contract Integration: A Comprehensive AHP Analysis

Applying Blockchain, Causal Loop Diagrams, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to Enhance Fifth-Generation Ceramic Antenna Manufacturing: A Technology–Organization–Environment Framework Approach

The Uses of a Dual-Band Corrugated Circularly Polarized Horn Antenna for 5G Systems

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