Low-dose CT for the diagnosis of appendicitis in adolescents and young adults (LOCAT): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial

Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines

“…However, the mean radiation dose of low-dose CT was significantly lower compared with standard CT (3.33 and 4.44 mSv, respectively) [ 12 ]. The radiation dose of appendiceal CT for adolescents and young adults can be reduced to 2 mSv without impairing clinical outcomes and reducing the potential risk of exposure to ionizing radiation simultaneously [ 68 ]. The recently published Cochrane systematic review on CT scan for diagnosis of AA in adults identified 64 studies including 71 separate study populations with a total of 10280 participants (4583 with and 5697 without AA).…”

A randomised placebo-controlled double-blind multicentre trial comparing antibiotic therapy with placebo in the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: APPAC III trial study protocol

“…In addition to the undisputed advantages in differential diagnostics between uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis, routine CT imaging in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is also known to reduce the rate of negative appendectomies, 42 surgical complications and treatment costs. 31 There is accumulating evidence showing that low-dose CT protocols are as accurate as the standard protocols in diagnosing acute appendicitis, 27 34 thereby offering means to reduce the amount of ionising radiation resulting from the diagnostic CT imaging of acute appendicitis. However, we decided to use standard protocol for obese patients in the APPAC III trial, since the OPTICAP phantom trial 35 conducted by the study group endorsed the view shared by Poletti et al 43 that diagnostic accuracy of low-dose abdominal CT protocols may not yet be adequate in patients with BMI exceeding 30 kg/m 2 .…”

Revealing the role of bromide in the H2O2 direct synthesis with the catalyst wet pretreatment method (CWPM)

“…So far, in order to solve the selectivity dilemma, different approaches have been tried in order to modify the catalytic properties of the palladium based catalysts: 1) addition of halides and mineral acids in the reaction mixture 3 , 2) addition of a second metal to the palladium catalyst 6,9,10 , 3) pretreatment of the support with nitric acid [11][12][13] , 4) functionalization of different supports 14 , 5) fine-tuning of the reaction conditions [15][16][17][18][19] and 6) reactor design 16,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . All these aspects are important but if applied simultaneously, will not lead to a real understanding of the process since each and every of these parameters are correlated and will influence each other (positively or negatively).…”