Low-energy formate production from CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction using electrodeposited tin on GDE

Irtem, Erdem; Andreu, Teresa; Parra, Andrés; Hernández‐Alonso, María D.; García-Rodríguez, Sergio; Riesco-García, J. M.; Penelás-Pérez, Germán; Morante, Joan Ramón

doi:10.1039/c6ta04432h

Cited by 99 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Different membrane types have been reported in literature as suitable membrane for the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 , such as cation exchange membranes (CEM), generally Nafion, , anion exchange membranes, bipolar membranes and diaphragms . Nafion, is a thoroughly studied stable membrane with high ionic conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

et al. 2019

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The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a promising technology in light of energy transition and industrial electrification. In this study, two different electrolyzer configurations, flow‐through and flow‐by modes, were analyzed for the production of carbon monoxide to resolve the CO2 mass‐transfer limitation problem at high current densities in gas diffusion electrodes. These two configurations respectively state convective and diffusive flow inside the gas diffusion layer, and their effect was studied on the cathodic performance of the electrolyzer by varying the operating conditions: cathodic potential, electrocatalyst loading, and Nafion content. In flow‐through configuration, a current density of 220 mA/cm2 could be achieved at a faradaic efficiency of 90 %; whereas, in the flow‐by configuration, the current density was at the same faradaic efficiency limited to 140 mA/cm2. However, the flow‐through configuration has a few limitations, such as lower energy efficiency, owing to the higher ohmic drop and the faster deactivation caused by crystallization of electrolyte salts inside the gas diffusion electrode. Therefore, flow‐by mode is currently the most adequate configuration for the long‐term operation of electrolyzers for the reduction of CO2 to CO. This study represents an essential step toward the application of electrolyzers for the electroreduction of CO2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, a three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical electrode composed of mesoporous SnO 2 nanosheets on carbon cloth enabled an extremely high partial current density of approximately 45 mA cm −2 with a high FE of 87 % at −1.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl . The superior performance of the 3D electrode was attributed to its large surface area and facilitated mass‐transfer properties . Furthermore, gas diffusion electrode and microfluidic reactor system have been utilized to overcome mass transport limitations resulting from low solubility of CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Mechanisms of the Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid on Tin Oxide Electrodes

et al. 2017

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Recent reports on the electrochemical production of formate demonstrate that reduced metal oxides play a key role in activating stable CO2 molecules. To expand a pre‐existing design principle of catalysts to a higher level, one of the remaining issues is to clearly understand the reaction mechanism. In recent years, mechanistic studies on SnOx catalysts, one of the most popular candidates for CO2 conversion to formate, have been intensively conducted in various aspects. In this Minireview, we summarize the reaction mechanisms of formate production based on computational, electrokinetic and in situ analyses focusing on SnOx catalysts. Starting from theoretical points including key intermediates, reaction pathway, and selectivity for formate production over pure metals, the discussion is expanded to the reaction mechanism on oxide surface.

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“…One of the more promising chemicals produced by the cathodic reduction of CO 2 in water is the formic acid, despite some disadvantages have to be overcome. Formic acid and formate have a wide application range as antibacterial agent in animal feed and as silage preservative in agriculture, in dyeing, textile and leather industries, in rubber production, as an intermediate in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and potentially as a fuel and energy‐storage medium . In addition, the electrochemical route from CO 2 to HCOOH is simple and straightforward and it is expected to have a smaller environmental impact than the current industrial process ,.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the electrochemical route from CO 2 to HCOOH is simple and straightforward and it is expected to have a smaller environmental impact than the current industrial process ,. Sn based electrodes, thanks to low cost, no toxicity and high generation of HCOOH, are probably the more promising ones for the synthesis of HCOOH . Furthermore, the economics of the process can be drastically improved coupling the cathodic reduction of CO 2 with a suitable anodic process that adds value to the system (such as the anodic purification of wastewater) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the economics of the process can be drastically improved coupling the cathodic reduction of CO 2 with a suitable anodic process that adds value to the system (such as the anodic purification of wastewater) . Electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into formate/formic acid on Sn electrode was studied under different operative conditions in water . One strategy to increase the HCOOH production rate is the utilization of pressurized CO 2 , which allows to enhance the carbon dioxide solubility and its reduction rate .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Conversion of CO₂ to HCOOH at Tin Cathode: Development of a Theoretical Model and Comparison with Experimental Results

2018

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The electrochemical reduction of pressurized carbon dioxide at tin cathode is considered a very promising process for the production of formic acid. Here, the process was studied in an undivided cell with the aim of developing a simple theoretical model. First, a large series of polarization and electrolyses was performed in order to evaluate the kinetic of the process. According to the literature, experimental results can be described by a simple reaction mechanism, which involves the following key stages: (i) mass transfer of CO2 to the cathode; (i) its adsorption described by a Langmuir equation; (iii) the reduction of adsorbed CO2. A simple model was developed based on the cathodic conversion of pressurized CO2 to HCOOH and on its anodic oxidation. The theoretical model was in a good agreement with experimental results collected in this work and in previous ones and well described the effect of several operative parameters, including current density, pressure and kind of reactor.

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Low-energy formate production from CO₂ electroreduction using electrodeposited tin on GDE

Abstract: The binder free Sn-GDE obtained by electrodeposition allows CO2 electroreduction to formate with low energy consumption for sustainable fuel production.

Cited by 99 publications

References 36 publications

Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Reaction Mechanisms of the Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid on Tin Oxide Electrodes

Electrochemical Conversion of CO₂ to HCOOH at Tin Cathode: Development of a Theoretical Model and Comparison with Experimental Results

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Low-energy formate production from CO2 electroreduction using electrodeposited tin on GDE

Abstract: The binder free Sn-GDE obtained by electrodeposition allows CO2 electroreduction to formate with low energy consumption for sustainable fuel production.

Cited by 99 publications

References 36 publications

Electrochemical Reduction of CO2: Effect of Convective CO2 Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Electrochemical Reduction of CO2: Effect of Convective CO2 Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Reaction Mechanisms of the Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid on Tin Oxide Electrodes

Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to HCOOH at Tin Cathode: Development of a Theoretical Model and Comparison with Experimental Results

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Low-energy formate production from CO₂ electroreduction using electrodeposited tin on GDE

Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Electrochemical Conversion of CO₂ to HCOOH at Tin Cathode: Development of a Theoretical Model and Comparison with Experimental Results