Low flammability, foam-like materials based on ammonium alginate and sodium montmorillonite clay

Chen, Hongbing; Wang, Yu‐Zhong; Sánchez‐Soto, Miguel; Schiraldi, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2012.10.029

Cited by 130 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As the crosslinking density is increased, the distance between PVA chains decreases leading to a denser, more-compact structure (38). Furthermore, hydrogel and aerogel structure is influenced by solution viscosity (39). Increasing the degree of crosslinking increases viscosity, resulting in denser, compact materials with smaller voids.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable, self-healing hydrogels from nanofibrillated cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol) and borax via reversible crosslinking

Spoljaric

Salminen

Luong

et al. 2014

European Polymer Journal

281

169

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Furthermore, hydrogels exhibited self-healing ability, being able to be broken apart and reformed manually into a single continuous piece without additional external stimuli. This behaviour was attributed to the break-down and reformation of hydrogen bonds within the hydrogel. NFC fibrils contributed towards enhancing gel content and retarding swelling, essentially restricting segmental motion and water penetration. Increasing borax content had a similar effect due to closer PVA chain proximity and higher crosslink density. Compressive mechanical properties were enhanced with additions of up to 40 %·wt NFC and increased borax concentrations, while creep was retarded due to the influence of NFC on flow and viscosity and greater chain restrictions via crosslinking at increased borax loadings. Both PVA:borax complexes (crosslinking) and hydrogen bonding contribute to the mechanical performance of the hydrogels. Concentrations of NFC above 40 %·wt diminished structural properties, due to the nanofibrils preventing effective crosslinking and disrupting the network structure of the hydrogels.

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable, self-healing hydrogels from nanofibrillated cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol) and borax via reversible crosslinking

Spoljaric

Salminen

Luong

et al. 2014

European Polymer Journal

281

169

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“…In the past several years, alginate, a kind of polysaccharides, has been interested in alternative sources of polysaccharides as a potential spinning feedstock [8]. Alginate is a kind of polyelectrolytes and polysaccharides derived from algae [9,10], and is a linear copolymer composed of b-1, 4-D-mannuronate (M) and a-1, 4-L-guluronate (G) repeating monomeric units. Some of alginates are soluble in water, such as sodium alginate and ammonium alginate, forming very viscous solutions or jellies which depend on their physical properties [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of manganese and cobalt ions on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of bio-based alginate films

et al. 2015

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Bio-based cobalt alginate and manganese alginate films were prepared by a facile ionic exchange and casting approach. Their flame retardancy, thermal degradation, and pyrolysis properties were investigated by vertical burning (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis, microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis (TG-FTIR), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). It showed that cobalt alginate film had much higher LOI value (45.0 %) than those of manganese alginate film (30.7 %) and sodium alginate film (24.5 %). Moreover, cobalt alginate film passed UL-94 V-0 rating, while manganese alginate and sodium alginate films showed no rating. Importantly, peak of heat release rate of cobalt alginate and manganese alginate in MCC test was much lower than that of sodium alginate, suggesting that the addition of cobalt ion and manganese ion decreases the release of combustible gases. TG-FTIR and Py-GC-MS results indicated that cobalt alginate and manganese alginate produced much less gaseous products than that of sodium alginate. Finally, a possible thermal degradation mechanism of cobalt alginate and manganese alginate had been proposed. The results provided useful information for understanding flame-retardant mechanism of alginate as well as for designing bio-based materials with excellent fire-retardant properties.

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“…It has been widely accepted that clay serves as a flame retardant in polymer aerogels 16,17 . A similar effect was observed in the present work with RCF/CMC aerogels.…”

Section: Combustion Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work showed that sodium montmorillonite clay (Na + -MMT) is an efficient filler to enhance flame retardancy and thermal stability of the aerogels 15,16 . The presence of clay leads to the formation of a barrier during burning which isolates the underlying materials from the heat radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green bio-based aerogels prepared from recycled cellulose fiber suspensions

Wang

Sánchez‐Soto

2015

RSC Adv.

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Recycled cellulose fibers (RCF) from waste paper were utilized to prepare bio-based aerogels through an environmentally friendly freeze-drying method. Food thickening agent sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) served as matrix in the bio-aerogels. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the aerogels have been studied as a function of RCF/CMC content. Sodium montmorrilonite (Na + -MMT) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were added to enhance the thermal stability and flame retardancy, which were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter respectively. It was found that the Na + -MMT significantly improved the fire retardancy of the aerogels and APP played a synergistic effect with it. The initial decomposition temperature increased by 15 o C and the peak of heat release rate decreased from 90 to 49.5 kw/m 2 in the presence of 33% clay. Addition of APP further increased the residue amount and reduced the fire growth rate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyse the char formed after cone calorimeter tests.

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Low flammability, foam-like materials based on ammonium alginate and sodium montmorillonite clay

Cited by 130 publications

References 33 publications

Stable, self-healing hydrogels from nanofibrillated cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol) and borax via reversible crosslinking

Stable, self-healing hydrogels from nanofibrillated cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol) and borax via reversible crosslinking

Effect of manganese and cobalt ions on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of bio-based alginate films

Green bio-based aerogels prepared from recycled cellulose fiber suspensions

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