Low-Frequency Intravesical Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Acute Urinary Retention: A Promising Therapeutic Approach

Abstract

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a troublesome urological disease, which causes various lower urinary tract symptoms. However, only few studies explored and evaluated the effective treatments to improve AUR. We aimed to find an effective approach to cure AUR through comparing the efficacy of existing classical low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and novel intravesical electrical stimulation (IVES). A total of 24 AUR female rats were divided into 3 groups as follows: control, TENS, and IVES groups. Rats in the control group had no fake stimulation. Rats in the TENS and IVES groups underwent transcutaneous or intravesical stimulation of a symmetrical biphasic rectangular current pulse with a frequency of 35 Hz, 30 min per day, for seven consecutive days. IVES significantly reduced the actin expression in the submucosal layer but increased its expression in the detrusor layer (p = 0.035, p = 0.001). The neovascularization in the submucosal layer in the IVES group was significantly increased than in the other 2 groups (p = 0.006). Low-frequency IVES performed better than TENS in terms of simultaneously relieving bladder hyperactivity, accelerating epithelial recovery, and strengthening detrusor muscle. IVES may be a promising therapeutic approach for bladder dysfunction, specifically for AUR and overactive bladder in clinical practice.

Electrical stimulation plus biofeedback improves urination function, pelvic floor function, and distress after reconstructive surgery: a randomized controlled trial

“…Generally, the frequency of ES ranges from 2 to 75 Hz [ 20 ]. A preclinical study showed that ES could promote angiogenesis and nerve fiber regeneration in the detrusor and urethral sphincter, resulting in evoking bladder contraction [ 21 ]. It was reported that ES with low frequency (2–50 Hz) could promote post-operative recovery of bladder function in prostate cancer [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Long-Term Effect of Early Post-operative Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation on Voiding Function After Radical Hysterectomy: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial

“…TENS was the most widely used type of ES. Our previous study ( 12 ) showed that TENS could cure acute RH in rats by angiogenesis and nerve fiber regeneration in the detrusor and urethral sphincter, and also increased the expression of collagen. It was reported that ES could promote post-operative recovery of bladder function in prostate cancer ( 13 – 17 ), though there have also been some unsupportive findings ( 18 – 21 ).…”