Low incidence of campylobacter enteritis in Northern Ireland

Lafong, A. C.; Bamford, Kathleen B.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400063658

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The campylobacter isolation rate of 5 5% is close to the mean figure of 7-1 % (range 4-5-13-9 %) derived from 13 surveys listed in the review by Blaser, Taylor & Feldman (1983). Lower figures have been recorded, notably 2 % in a recent survey in Northern Ireland (Lafong & Bamford, 1986) and 2-1 % in Canada (Coles et al 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

A demographic survey of campylobacter, salmonella and shigella infections in England: A Public Health Laboratory Service Survey

Skirrow

1987

Epidemiol. Infect.

113

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Five laboratories serving a population of 1.5 million participated in a 2-year survey of campylobacter, salmonella and shigella infections in patients suffering from gastrointestinal symptoms. In total, 33,857 faecal specimens were examined of which 5.5% yielded campylobacters, 3.4% salmonellas and 0.8% shigellas; incidence of infection (per 100,000 population per year) was 58, 38 and 9 respectively. Peak incidences occurred at different ages for each organism: campylobacter, 1-4 years (183); salmonella, less than 1 year (181); shigella, 1-4 years (17). There was a secondary peak in campylobacter incidence in patients aged 15-24 years (87), which was not seen with salmonella or shigella infections. By recording the age and sex of all patients submitting faecal specimens, it was shown that sampling rates were disproportionately high in infants aged less than 1 year (12:1 relative to other ages). Thus the percentage of faecal samples positive in infants--in sharp contrast to incidence values--was the lowest of any age group for all three organisms. By taking the numbers of faecal specimens tested as denominators in this way, the highest campylobacter isolation rates were in young adults, with a notable male predominance in the 15-24 year (1.7:1) and 45-54 year (1.6:1) age groups. This male predominance was accentuated during the summer (2.1:1) when incidence was generally high. The maximum percentage isolation recorded by any laboratory was 32.5% in males aged 15-24 years in June. The reasons for this pattern of campylobacter infection are unknown, but the similarity of the results between laboratories and the regularity of the seasonal fluctuations recorded over the last 6 years indicate that the sources and routes of infection are geographically similar and stable, yet different from those of salmonellosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

A demographic survey of campylobacter, salmonella and shigella infections in England: A Public Health Laboratory Service Survey

Skirrow

1987

Epidemiol. Infect.

113

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“…Campylobacters are commonly found on chickens and these are an important vehicle for human infections [5,12,13]. The incidence of human campylobacter enteritis in Northern Ireland has been lower than the rest of the United Kingdom, although the reasons for this are unclear [1,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella and campylobacter contamination of raw retail chickens from different producers: a six year survey

Wilson

2002

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Between 1995 and 2000, a prospective survey was undertaken to investigate the levels of contamination of raw retail chickens (n = 1,127) with salmonella and campylobacter. The levels of contamination over the 6-year period were 11 % (95 % CI +/- 6.5%) for salmonella, and 57% (95% CI +/- 95%) for campylobacter. S. Bredeney (20%) and S. Enteritidis (18%) were the dominant serovars. Although salmonella contamination was higher than in an earlier survey we conducted (7%), since 1998 it has declined to 6%. Many S. Enteritidis isolates (43%) were associated with one large integrated poultry organization that appears to have successfully managed the contamination, and the serovar has not been isolated since 1998. Contamination ranged from 0 to 44% between different producers. There was no significant difference between producers contributing large and small numbers of samples, although some small producers had much poorer contamination rates than others. S. Bareilly, S. Bredeney, S. Enteritidis and S. Virchow showed associations with particular producers. Campylobacter contamination remains high. Contamination ranged from 47 to 81% between different producers. This study did not show a temporal association between contamination of chickens and human campylobacter infections, indicating that many cases of human campylobacteriosis, particularly during seasonal peaks, do not originate from chickens. Control measures that have reduced salmonella contamination have been largely ineffective against campylobacter and new interventions are needed. Most raw chickens are contaminated with these pathogens, and communicating the importance of minimizing this risk to caterers and the public is vital in reducing human infections.

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Reduction in neutrophil elastase concentration by recombinant α1-antitrypsin (recAAT) does not alter bacterial loading in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients

Moore

Shaw²,

Millar

et al. 2004

British Journal of Biomedical Science

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Low incidence of campylobacter enteritis in Northern Ireland

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

A demographic survey of campylobacter, salmonella and shigella infections in England: A Public Health Laboratory Service Survey

A demographic survey of campylobacter, salmonella and shigella infections in England: A Public Health Laboratory Service Survey

Salmonella and campylobacter contamination of raw retail chickens from different producers: a six year survey

Reduction in neutrophil elastase concentration by recombinant α1-antitrypsin (recAAT) does not alter bacterial loading in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients

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