Low Interleukin-12 Levels concerning Severe Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wilairatana, Polrat; Kwankaew, Pattamaporn; Kotepui, Kwuntida Uthaisar; Kotepui, Manas

doi:10.3390/ijerph19159345

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The publication bias was assessed by visualizing funnel plot symmetry. The funnel plot would be asymmetric in case of publication bias [ 24 , 25 ]. Egger’s test was used to assess funnel plot symmetry [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevation of serum interleukin-1β levels as a potential indicator for malarial infection and severe malaria: a meta-analysis

Mahittikorn

Kwankaew

Rattaprasert

et al. 2022

Malar J

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Background Interleukin (IL)-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine that has a role in disease-related inflammation, including malaria. However, reports on the effect of IL-1β on malaria severity are inconsistent. Therefore, meta-analyses to compare differences in IL-1β levels between patients with severe malaria, patients with uncomplicated malaria and healthy controls were performed. Methods The PRISMA standards were used to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. A search of PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and reference lists was conducted for articles providing data on IL-1β levels between patients with severe malaria, patients with uncomplicated malaria and healthy controls between January 1988 and March 2022, using a combination of search terms. The quality of all studies included in this review was determined using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. The evidence was synthesized quantitatively and qualitatively. The differences in IL-1 levels across participant groups were recounted narratively for qualitative synthesis. For quantitative synthesis, the mean difference in IL-1β levels across groups of participants was calculated using a random effects meta-analysis. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger’s test and a contour-enhanced funnel plot. Results A total of 1281 articles were discovered, and the 17 that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included for syntheses. The meta-analysis results using data from 555 cases of severe malaria and 1059 cases of uncomplicated malaria showed that severe malaria had a higher mean of IL-1β levels than uncomplicated malaria (P < 0.01, pooled mean difference: 1.92 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval: 0.60–3.25 pg/mL, I2: 90.41%, 6 studies). The meta-analysis results using data from 542 cases of uncomplicated malaria and 455 healthy controls showed no difference in mean IL-1β levels between the two groups (P = 0.07, pooled mean difference: 1.42 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval: − 0.1–2.94 pg/mL, I2: 98.93%, 6 studies). Conclusion The results from the meta-analysis revealed that IL-1β levels were higher in patients with severe malaria than in patients with uncomplicated malaria; however, IL-1β levels were similar in patients with uncomplicated malaria and healthy controls. Based on the limitations of the number of studies included in the meta-analysis and high levels of heterogeneity, further studies are needed to conclude that differences in IL-1β levels can be useful for monitoring the malaria severity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The funnel plot would be asymmetric in case of publication bias [ 24 , 25 ]. Egger’s test was used to assess funnel plot symmetry [ 25 ]. Egger’s test with statistical significance ( p < 0.05) might indicate that funnel plot asymmetry was due to a small-study effect [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation of serum interleukin-1β levels as a potential indicator for malarial infection and severe malaria: a meta-analysis

Mahittikorn

Kwankaew

Rattaprasert

et al. 2022

Malar J

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“…Future studies might be successful in focusing on employing immunogenic vaccine candidates that are expressed in the infective (sporozoite) stage of C. felis infection in order to initiate an expedited immune response against infection (before C. felis reaches the highly proliferative schizogenous phase). Studies have also shown that IL-12 is linked to long-lasting cellular immunity against intracellular parasites [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Development of vaccines that can result in persistent IL-12 could be an attractive strategy to enhance the efficacy of vaccines against C. felis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Vaccine Strategy to Prevent Cytauxzoonosis in Domestic Cats

et al. 2023

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Cytauxzoonosis is caused by Cytauxzoon felis (C. felis), a tick-borne parasite that causes severe disease in domestic cats in the United States. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent this fatal disease, as traditional vaccine development strategies have been limited by the inability to culture this parasite in vitro. Here, we used a replication-defective human adenoviral vector (AdHu5) to deliver C. felis-specific immunogenic antigens and induce a cell-mediated and humoral immune response in cats. Cats (n = 6 per group) received either the vaccine or placebo in two doses, 4 weeks apart, followed by experimental challenge with C. felis at 5 weeks post-second dose. While the vaccine induced significant cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in immunized cats, it did not ultimately prevent infection with C. felis. However, immunization significantly delayed the onset of clinical signs and reduced febrility during C. felis infection. This AdHu5 vaccine platform shows promising results as a vaccination strategy against cytauxzoonosis.

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