Low-Power Circuit Techniques for Epileptic Seizures Detection and Subsequent Neurostimulation

Optimized Design of a Self-Biased Amplifier for Seizure Detection Supplied by Piezoelectric Nanogenerator: Metaheuristic Algorithms versus ANN-Assisted Goal Attainment Method

“…Monitoring and prevention through neural stimulation remains a solution of choice for them. Their lives would be vastly improved if systems for real-time monitoring and electrostimulation for prevention or mitigation of seizures were to be used on a 24/7 basis [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. From this point of view, implantable microsystems with long-life implanted power supplies appear superior over wearable systems.…”

“…From this point of view, implantable microsystems with long-life implanted power supplies appear superior over wearable systems. The implantable devices are mostly based on an amalgamation of microelectronic and micro/nano-system technologies [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…Both systems will have most of their circuitry built into, for example, in the patient’s chest, and their electrodes will be directly reading out/stimulating nerves responsible for the seizure onset and incorporate a preamplifier preceding a seizure detector. Typical low-power systems for epileptic seizure detection and subsequent neurostimulation have been presented by Salam et al [ 11 ].…”

“…Among the bulkiest parts of an IMD are the implanted power sources, which may include non-rechargeable batteries that have to be periodically replaced [ 10 ], wirelessly rechargeable batteries (transcutaneous charging) [ 11 ], and self-charging nanogenerators [ 12 ].…”

“…Some of the biomedical applications of PENGs are presented in References [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], for example. PENG-powered IMDs inserted directly in the brain have been suggested by some authors [ 11 , 23 ].…”