Low-Profile and Closely Spaced Four-Element MIMO Antenna for Wireless Body Area Networks

Elfergani, Issa; Iqbal, Amjad; Zebiri, Chemseddine; Basir, Abdul; Rodrı́guez, Jonathan; Sajedin, Maryam; Pereira, Artur de Oliveira; Mshwat, Widad; Abd‐Alhameed, Raed A.; Ullah, Sadiq

doi:10.3390/electronics9020258

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It can be seen that throughout the whole BW the value starts with 0.0029 at 2.81 GHz and in most of the BW, it never goes higher than 0.001. As the standard for ECC should be less than 0.3 [17], it can be concluded that the value of the ECC for this proposed MIMO array is excellent. Similarly, the DG responses seen from Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Planar 2×2 MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Smartphones

Hossain¹,

Hassim²,

Hassan³

et al. 2021

IJACSA

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Here, a planar 2×2 MIMO configuration for the 5G smartphone has been presented. A single element modified planar tree profile shape (MPTPS) antenna is implemented to investigate the suitability in future 5G communication for different sub-6 GHz spectrum band. The size of the single MPTPS antenna is 40 × 25 mm 2 . The electronic band gap (EBG) and partial ground plane (PGP) techniques have been utilized to tune this antenna. The antenna works from 2.81 -7.23 GHz, with a (VSWR < 2) bandwidth of 4.42 GHz that covers all the midrange sub-6 GHz 5G frequencies. It also has a comparatively good gain of 3.14 dBi, high efficiency of 96% and a bi-directional radiation pattern. The antenna has been implemented in a 145 × 75 mm 2 smartphone mainboard with MIMO configuration using polarization diversity. More than -21.1 dB isolation has been found between different ports. A good gain of as high as 6.59 dBi is observed for the MIMO in the band. Also, as MIMO performance, excellent envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.0029 and minimum diversity gain of 9.9853 has been observed. The investigation has been further stretched by adding a liquid crystal display (LCD) for radiation performance and a hand phantom to assess the performance in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR). It is observed that the SAR value is as low as 0.887641 at 3.5 GHz. This design will motivate the researcher to develop high performance MIMO arrays for 5G smartphones.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Planar 2×2 MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Smartphones

Hossain¹,

Hassim²,

Hassan³

et al. 2021

IJACSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In order to investigate safety concerns of the user, the SAR intensity must be validated. Therefore, the energy absorbed (SAR) by the user tissues' need not to cross the value of 1.6 W/Kg for 1-g tissue and 2 W/Kg for 10-g tissue [18][19][20]. Theoretically, SAR values are calculated using Equation (4).…”

Section: Specific Absorption Rate (Sar) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Smartphone: MIMO Antenna System for 5G Mobile Terminals

et al. 2021

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In this article, an inverted L-shaped monopole eight elements Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The multi-antenna system is designed on a low cost 0.8 mm thick FR4 substrate having dimensions of 136 x 68 mm 2 resonating at 3.5GHz with a 6dB measured bandwidth of 450MHz, and with inter element isolation greater than 15 dB and gain of 4 dBi. The proposed design consists of eight inverted L-shaped elements and parasitic L-shaped strips extending from the ground plane. These shorted stripes acted as tuning stubs for the four inverted L-shaped monopole elements on the side of chassis. This is done to achieve the desired frequency range by increasing the electrical length of the antennas. A prototype is fabricated, and the experimental results show good impedance matching with reasonable measured isolation within the desired frequency range. The MIMO performances, such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and mean effective gain (MEG) are also calculated along with the channel capacity of 38.1bps/Hz approximately 2.6 times that of 4  4 MIMO system. Due to its simple shape and slim design, it may be a potential chassis for future handsets. Therefore, user hand scenarios, i.e. both single and dual hand are studied. Also, the effects of hand scenarios on various MIMO parameters are discussed along with the SAR. The performance of the proposed system in different scenarios suggests that the proposed structure holds promising future within the next generation radio smart phones.INDEX TERMS Antenna efficiency, channel capacity, gain, inverted L-shaped, MIMO antenna, next generation smart phones.

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“…The proposed flexible monopole antenna is designed to work in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz band [29][30][31]. Figure 1 shows the geometrical shape and size of the flexible monopole antenna.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Polyimide-Based Flexible Monopole Antenna Fed by a Coplanar Waveguide

Cang

Wang

2021

Electronics

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A 2.4 GHz flexible monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) was presented on polyimide (PI) as the dielectric substrate, which was fabricated by in situ self-metallization. The technology does not depend on expensive equipment or complex experimental environments, including hydrolysis, ion exchange, and reduction reaction. The measurement results show that the resonance frequency of the proposed antenna is 2.28 GHz, the bandwidth is 2.06–2.74 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 28.33% under the flat state. The bending and folding test was also carried out. Whether it was flat, bent, or folded, the measured results met the requirements of the antenna. A fatigue test was carried out to illustrate that the prepared film has high mechanical flexibility, which expands the application field of antenna.

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Low-Profile and Closely Spaced Four-Element MIMO Antenna for Wireless Body Area Networks

Cited by 48 publications

References 51 publications

A Planar 2×2 MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Smartphones

A Planar 2×2 MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Smartphones

Future Smartphone: MIMO Antenna System for 5G Mobile Terminals

A Polyimide-Based Flexible Monopole Antenna Fed by a Coplanar Waveguide

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