Low Sampling Rates Bias Outcomes from the Wingate Test

Santos, Edil Luis; Js, Novaes; Reis, Víctor Machado; Giannella-Neto, Antonio

doi:10.1055/s-0030-1262875

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Since PP on the Velotron is identifi ed as the highest value attained during the test rather than as a 5-s average, this relatively small temporal resolution may decrease measurement precision across trials, as revealed in the 49 % explained variance between repeated determinations of PP. Santos et al [ 17 ] stated that power output is underestimated at low sampling rates such as the typical 5-s interval. As FI contains PP as part of its calculation, it is not surprising that variability for FI is large.…”

Section: Discussion ▼mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Validity of the Velotron Racermate Cycle Ergometer to Measure Anaerobic Power

Astorino

Cottrell

2011

Int J Sports Med

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This study assessed the reliability and validity of the Velotron Racermate™ cycle ergometer to assess anaerobic power. Men (9 cyclists and 13 recreationally-active) and women (17 recreationally-active and 1 cyclist) (age=24.7±4.2 yr) performed 2 Wingate tests on the Velotron or 3 Wingate tests (2 on the Velotron and 1 on the Monark Peak Bike) over a 7-14 day period. Peak power, mean power, minimum power, fatigue index, heart rate, and peak and minimum cadence were assessed. Results revealed significant test-retest reliability for mean power (r=0.90, p<0.01), minimum power (r=0.79, p<0.05) and peak power (r=0.70, p<0.05) with repeated bouts on the Velotron. Peak power was significantly higher (p<0.05) on the Velotron (9.95±1.39 W/kg) vs. the Monark (9.13±1.26 W/kg); however, mean power was higher (p<0.05) on the Monark (6.95±0.89 W/kg) vs. the Velotron (6.11±0.52 W/kg and 6.25±0.59 W/kg). Data reveal significant reliability for mean and peak power from the Velotron Racermate, yet multiple variables differ between the Velotron and the Monark mechanically-braked cycle ergometer.

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Section: Discussion ▼mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Validity of the Velotron Racermate Cycle Ergometer to Measure Anaerobic Power

Astorino

Cottrell

2011

Int J Sports Med

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“…Since the 1960s, several approaches for detection of ventilatory and metabolic thresholds, based either on visual or automated methods, have been developed 1,11 , but some limitations are often discussed. Firstly, gas exchange analysis requires high-cost, sophisticated ergoespirometric equipment and, secondly, the assessment of lactate thresholds (LTs) depends on invasive procedures, consisting of blood collection performed sparsely, which compromises a precise determination of the metabolic transition 6,12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of heart rate threshold from heart rate kinetics during maximal graded exercise in soccer players

Neto

Gurgel

Lattari

et al. 2019

Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum.

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The main of the present study was to identify the heart rate threshold based on heart rate kinetics during graded maximal exercise in football players. Twenty-six male football players performed a maximal exercise test (Bruce protocol) on a motor-driven treadmill. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored, recorded and resampled at 3.5Hz. The ventilatory threshold (VT), and respiratory compensation (RC), heart rate deflection points (HRDP1 and HRDP2) and heart rate kinetics threshold (HRT) were determined by computerized methods. The heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed in the frequency domain. The HRT averaged 89.9 ± 1.2 % of the VO2 peak. The HRT showed poor correlations and significant differences compared with HRDP1 (r = 0.46) and VT (r = 0.51), but was not different from, and highly correlated with, HRDP2 (0.98) and RC (0.90). Bland Altman plots showed all athletes into 95% of limits of agreement, and intraclass correlation coefficient showed good agreements between points obtained from HRT compared with HRDP2 (0.96) and RC (0.98). The HRT was highly correlated with HRDP2 and RC, suggesting it could be a marker for cardiorespiratory fatigue.

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“…When HR data are sampled only every 20 or 30 seconds (0.05 and 0.03 Hz, respectively), ,50 points are acquired, and the exact value of the HRDP will be underestimated. Recently, the values of power output acquired at 30 Hz during a Wingate anaerobic test were compared after resampling at 5 different frequencies (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 Hz) (31). Peak effort was underestimated by 28% when the sampling rates were decreased from 1 to 0.2 Hz.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second feature of our approach was the use of an adequate sampling rate ($1 Hz), to avoid errors associated with HR data sampled at a lower rate (31).…”

Section: Experimental Approach To the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Heart Rate Deflection Points to Predict the Anaerobic Threshold by a Computerized Method

Neto

Maior²,

Neto

et al. 2012

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Many studies have used the heart rate deflection points (HRDPs) during incremental exercise tests, because of their strong correlation with the anaerobic threshold. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of the HRDPs identified by a computerized method and compare them with ventilatory and lactate thresholds. Twenty-four professional soccer players (age, 22 ± 5 years; body mass, 74 ± 7 kg; height 177 ± 7 cm) volunteered for the study. The subjects completed a Bruce-protocol incremental treadmill exercise test to volitional fatigue. Heart rate (HR) and alveolar gas exchange were recorded continuously at ≥1 Hz during exercise testing. Subsequently, the time course of the HR was fit by a computer algorithm, and a set of lines yielding the lowest pooled residual sum of squares was chosen as the best fit. This procedure defined 2 HRDPs (HRDP1 and HRDP2). The HR break points averaged 43.9 ± 5.9 and 89.7 ± 7.5% of the VO2peak. The HRDP1 showed a poor correlation with ventilatory threshold (VT; r = 0.50), but HRDP2 was highly correlated to the respiratory compensation (RC) point (r = 0.98). Neither HRDP1 nor HRDP2 was correlated with LT1 (at VO2 = 2.26 ± 0.72 L·min(-1); r = 0.26) or LT2 (2.79 ± 0.59 L·min(-1); r = 0.49), respectively. LT1 and LT2 also were not well correlated with VT (2.93 ± 0.68 L·min(-1); r = 0.20) or RC (3.82 ± 0.60 L·min(-1); r = 0.58), respectively. Although the HR deflection points were not correlated to LT, HRDP2 could be identified in all the subjects and was strongly correlated with RC, consistent with a relationship to cardiorespiratory fatigue and endurance performance.

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Low Sampling Rates Bias Outcomes from the Wingate Test

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Reliability and Validity of the Velotron Racermate Cycle Ergometer to Measure Anaerobic Power

Reliability and Validity of the Velotron Racermate Cycle Ergometer to Measure Anaerobic Power

Determination of heart rate threshold from heart rate kinetics during maximal graded exercise in soccer players

Analysis of Heart Rate Deflection Points to Predict the Anaerobic Threshold by a Computerized Method

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