Low serum antibacterial activity coincides with increased prevalence of shell disease in blue crabs Callinectes sapidus

Noga, Edward J.; Engel, D. P.; Arroll, T. W.; McKenna, S.A.; Davidian, Marie

doi:10.3354/dao019121

Cited by 52 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As with the rodlet cell observation, the limited sampling precludes any far-reaching conclusions, but other AMPs have been known to be upregulated with chronic infections (Lehmann et al 2002, Butmarc et al 2004. In regards to infected fish that were negative, antimicrobial polypeptides can vary significantly within individuals within a species (even healthy appearing individuals), as we have shown for HLP-1 and callinectin (Noga et al 1994, Robinette et al 2001, and others have shown for other AMP. Also, we do not know what regulates the expression of piscidin in all these different fish species and some piscidin-like peptides might be not be constitutive but only expressed after a certain stimulus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Evidence for widespread distribution of piscidin antimicrobial peptides in teleost fish

Silphaduang¹,

Colorni²,

Noga³

2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

Self Cite

165

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are increasingly recognized as a critical component of the host's defense against infection. Several types of AMPs have been recently identified from mucosal tissues or immune cells of a number of teleosts. Among these are the piscidins, which are 22 residue, α-helical AMPs that were originally isolated from mast cells of hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis male × Morone chrysops female. Using an antibody specific for the conserved N-terminal amino acid sequence of piscidin 1, we used immunohistochemistry to probe skin, gill, and gastrointestinal tract of 39 teleosts representing 7 different orders. Nine fish species were piscidin-positive, with all of these species being in the Perciformes, the largest and most evolutionarily advanced order of teleosts. Piscidin-positive cells were identified in species belonging to the families Moronidae, Serranidae, Sciaenidae, Siganidae and Belontidae. Immunopositive cells were usually most consistent with mast cells, although in some species, the granule appearance and tinctorial properties diverged somewhat from those of a typical piscine mast cell. In addition, rodlet cells were piscidin-positive in one member of the family Cichlidae; to our knowledge, it is the first time that a host-associated chemical biomarker has been identified in rodlet cells. Our data suggest that piscidins are present in many evolutionarily advanced teleosts. Piscidin-immunoreactive cells were most common at sites of pathogen entry, including the skin, gill and gastrointestinal tract. These results strongly suggest that piscidins are a widespread and important component of many fishes' defense against disease. KEY WORDS: Piscidins · Mast cells · Rodlet cells · Innate immunity · Pisces Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 72: [241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252] 2006 tissues of hybrid striped bass; the parental stocks of hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops and striped bass M. saxatilis) are in the family Moronidae, and similar appearing cells were positive in members of the family Sciaenidae (spot Leistomus xanthurus and Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus). This prompted us to hypothesize that piscidins are present in other teleosts. To answer this question, we immunochemically examined tissues from 7 different orders of teleosts. Presumptively healthy, subadult to adult, farm-raised fish, as well as wild-caught individuals, were examined in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODSPeptide synthesis. Piscidin 1 (both the entire peptide and an 11-mer fragment) and Magainin 2 peptides were synthesized using Fmoc chemistry on a Rainin Symphony instrument that provides on-instrument cleavage of the peptide from the resin. After synthesis, peptides were purified via analytical reverse phase HPLC using a YMC C-18 column (4 × 50 mm, 3 µm particle size, 120 Å pore size support) using an acetonitrile gradient that was eluted at 1 ml min -1 where Buffer A was 0.05% trif...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Evidence for widespread distribution of piscidin antimicrobial peptides in teleost fish

Silphaduang¹,

Colorni²,

Noga³

2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

Self Cite

165

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although there have been reports of serum antibacterial activity in crabs (e.g. Noga et al, 1994) the extreme fragility of their blood cells suggests that some or all of the serum killing factors may be derived from the haemocytes by degranulation following bleeding. In conclusion, shell disease is not a disease caused by a single pathogen and should not be considered a disease solely restricted to the exoskeleton.…”

Section: Internal Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell disease syndrome in the edible crab, Cancer pagurus – isolation, characterization and pathogenicity of chitinolytic bacteria

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chitinolytic bacteria are believed to be the primary aetiological agents of shell disease syndrome in marine crustaceans. The disease principally results from the breakdown of their chitinous exoskeletons by the shell disease pathogens, but pathogenicity may also manifest internally should a breach of the carapace occur. The current study looks at the pathogenicity of a number of bacteria (predominantly from the genus Vibrio) isolated from the edible crab, Cancer pagurus. All chitinase-producing bacteria investigated were capable of growth in a minimal medium consisting of chitin powder from crab shells, but differed in their speed of growth and nature of chitinolytic activity, suggesting that they have different roles within the lesion community. Two isolates (designated I4 and I7) were chosen for studies on internal pathogenicity, which included the effect of the pathogen on crab tissues, the ability of the host to remove the bacteria from circulation and the antibacterial activity of crab blood. Initially, I4 was rapidly removed from circulation, but began to reappear in the blood after 24 h. By 100 h, 100 % of crabs were moribund. The septicaemic effects of the isolate were reflected in the low levels of its killing by blood-cell lysate and serum. By contrast, I7 was only slowly removed from circulation and caused the rapid mortality of all crabs in T 3 h. A large decline in the number of circulating blood cells following injection of I7 was mirrored by an accumulation of these cells in the gills. Initial experiments suggest that the death of the crabs following injection with I7 may be caused by toxic extracellular bacterial products that exert their effects on the blood cells and nervous system of the crabs.

show abstract

“…have been more prevalent and associated with shell disease more often than Vibrio spp. (Noga et al 1994). At these 4 facilities, this is a possible explanation for low co-occurrence because Aeromonas spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease, parasite, and commensal prevalences for blue crab Callinectes sapidus at shedding facilities in Louisiana, USA

Rogers¹,

Taylor²,

Hawke³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blue crab diseases, parasites, and commensals are not well studied in the Gulf of Mexico, and their prevalence rates have only been sporadically determined. Commercial soft shell shedding facilities in Louisiana experience high mortality rates of pre-molt crabs, and some of these deaths may be attributable to diseases or parasites. During the active shedding season in 2013, we determined the prevalence of shell disease, Vibrio spp., Lagenophrys callinectes, and Hematodinium perezi at 4 commercial shedding facilities along the Louisiana coast. We also detected Ameson michaelis and reo-like virus infections. Shell disease was moderately prevalent at rates above 50% and varied by shedding facility, collection month, and crab size. Vibrio spp. bacteria were prevalent in the hemolymph of 37% of the pre-molt crabs. Lagenophrys callinectes was highly prevalent in the pre-molt crabs, but because it is a commensal species, it may not cause high mortality rates. Hematodinium perezi was absent in all pre-molt crabs. KEY WORDS: Shell disease · Vibrio · Lagenophrys · Reo-like virus · Callinectes sapidus · MoltingResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Dis Aquat Org 112: 207-217, 2015 lence of shell disease may be high at shedding facilities due to stress and crowding (Iversen & Beardsley 1976). Vibrio spp. (Vibrionales: Vibrionaceae) are the main chitinoclastic bacteria that cause shell disease (Shields & Overstreet 2007), and infections can cause morbidity and mortality of infected crabs (Bowser et al. 1981, Shields & Overstreet 2007. Vibrio spp. infections have been correlated with mortality rates of > 80% in North Carolina shedding facilities (Sizemore 1985).Both A. michaelis and RLV are hypothesized to cause mass mortalities in shedding facilities, possibly due to crowding and cannibalism, which facilitate transmission (Messick & Sindermann 1992, Bowers et al. 2010, 2011. A. michaelis causes muscle lysis in infected crabs (Messick & Sindermann 1992). Crabs infected with A. michaelis appear lethargic, and lysed muscle is chalky white (Messick & Sindermann 1992). RLV is an RNA virus that infects hemocytes, hemopoietic, and connective tissues, the nervous system, and gills (Shields & Overstreet 2007). Crabs infected with RLV develop tremors, are lethargic, and eventually become paralyzed (Johnson 1977, Shields & Overstreet 2007. RLV may be the predominant cause of crab deaths in shedding facilities from Delaware to Florida (Bowers et al. 2011).L. callinectes is an ectocommensalistic ciliate that is prevalent on pre-molt crab gills before it is shed during ecdysis. It is usually harmless to the infested crab. However, it can occasionally cause asphyxiation, especially when a crab is stressed by low dissolved oxygen or poor water quality (Couch & Martin 1982), both of which can occur at shedding facilities.A parasitic dinoflagellate that indirectly can harm the soft shell industry is Hematodinium perezi (Coccidiniales: Syndiniaceae). H. perezi causes morbidity and mortality ...

show abstract

Low serum antibacterial activity coincides with increased prevalence of shell disease in blue crabs Callinectes sapidus

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Evidence for widespread distribution of piscidin antimicrobial peptides in teleost fish

Evidence for widespread distribution of piscidin antimicrobial peptides in teleost fish

Shell disease syndrome in the edible crab, Cancer pagurus – isolation, characterization and pathogenicity of chitinolytic bacteria

Disease, parasite, and commensal prevalences for blue crab Callinectes sapidus at shedding facilities in Louisiana, USA

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About