Low-temperature behavior of Li3V2(PO4)3/C as cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Abstract

The electrochemical performance of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C was investigated at various low temperatures in the electrolyte 1.0 mol dm −3 LiPF 6 /ethyl carbonate (EC)+diethyl carbonate (DEC)+dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (volume ratio 1:1:1). The stable specific discharge capacity is 125.4, 122.6, 119.3, 116.6, 111.4, and 105.7 mAh g −1 at 26, 10, 0, −10, −20, and −30°C, respectively, in the voltage range of 2.3-4.5 V at 0.2 C rate. When the temperature decreases from −30 to −40°C, there is a rapid decline in the capacity from 105.7 to 69.5 mAh g −1 , implying that there is a nonlinear relationship between the performance and temperature. With temperature decreasing, R ct (corresponding to charge transfer resistance) increases rapidly, D (the lithium ion diffusion coefficients) decreases sharply, and the performance of electrolyte degenerates obviously, illustrating that the lowtemperature electrochemical performance of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C is mainly limited by R ct , D Li , and electrolyte.

Critical Review on Low‐Temperature Li‐Ion/Metal Batteries

“…Carbon coating further improves the low-temperature performance of LVP. [265][266][267][268][269] Some of the representative LVP/C cathodes are listed in Table 6. Qin et al [268] prepared pure phase lithium super ionic conductor (LISICON)-structured LVP (r-LVP) via a Na-Li ionexchange process.…”

“…Half-cells with Li metal as the counter electrode. Liu et al [265] 1.0 m LiPF 6 EC/DEC (1:1, vol) LVP/C −20 °C@0.1 C 118.9 mAh g −1 Qiao et al [266] 1.0 m LiPF 6 EC/DMC (1:1, vol) LVP/C −20 °C@0.2 C 120.7 mAh g −1 97.2% (80 cycles) Teng et al [267] 1.0 m LiPF 6 EC/DEC/DMC (1:1:1, vol) r-LVP −30 °C@0.2 C 90 mAh g −1 Qin et al [268] 1. by embedding a thin nickel foil inside the cell (Figure 17a), representing a breakthrough for the low-temperature battery configuration without changing the battery chemistries. This module possessed a certain resistance and acted as an internal heating device, which could warm the cell from −30 to 0 °C within 30 s by consuming only 5.5% of cell capacity.…”

Synthesis and low temperature electrochemical properties of CeO2 and C co-modified Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

“…Moreover, the bare LVP particles are easily corroded by the acidic electrolyte solution which causes capacity fading resulting from a severe structural change during cycling. Nevertheless, the application of LIBs calls for better endurance at low temperatures with appropriate energy density and power capability in many high technology applications, such as military and aerospace missions [7]. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the low temperature performance of LVP.…”

Effects of morphology on the electrochemical performances of Li3V2(PO4)3cathode material for lithium ion batteries

“…16 In the voltage range of 3.0-4.3 V, it can extract and insert two lithium ions reversibly based on the V 3+ /V 4+ redox couple, corresponding to a theoretical capacity of 132 mA h g À1 . 18 All the three lithium ions can be completely extracted when it is charged to a higher voltage of 4.8 V, which results in a high theoretical capacity of 197 mA h g À1 , 19 which is the highest for all lithiated transition metal phosphates reported. However, the Li ion and electron conductivity of these materials is quite low due to the VO 6 octahedron being segregated by the PO 4 tetrahedron.…”