Low temperature optimization of biodiesel production from algal oil using CaO and CaO/Al2O3 as catalyst by the application of response surface methodology

Narula, Vishal; Khan, Mohd. Fazil; Negi, Ankit; Kalra, Shashvat; Thakur, Aman; Jain, Siddharth

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.028

Cited by 70 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the FFA conversion began to decrease at a long reaction time due to the reverse reaction. These results are also in accordance with the previous report (Narula et al, 2017). Furthermore, a higher reaction time was unfavorable for the esterification reaction since it consumes more energy (Fawaz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Optimization Studysupporting

confidence: 93%

Potential of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as Diesel Blends Produced from Free Fatty Acid in Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Montmorillonite-Sulfonated Carbon

Hasanudin¹,

Asri²,

Putri³

et al. 2023

JST

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This research, biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO), was conducted using a montmorillonite-sulfonated carbon catalyst from molasses. The biodiesel product would be blended with diesel fuel with various volume variations to see its fuel properties. The catalyst was assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, and acidity analysis using the titration method. The effect of the weight ratio of montmorillonite to sulfonated carbon was also evaluated. The process of esterification reaction was optimized using the response surface methodology with a central composite design (RSM-CCD). The study showed that the weight ratio of montmorillonite to sulfonated carbon of 1:3 generated the highest acidity of 9.79 mmol/g with a prominent enhanced surface area and was further employed to optimize the esterification reaction. The optimum condition was obtained at a reaction temperature of 78.12°C, catalyst weight of 2.98 g, and reaction time of 118.27 with an FFA conversion of 74.101%. The optimum condition for the mixture of FAME and diesel fuel was achieved at the composition of the B20 blend, which met the FAME standard. The reusability study revealed that the catalyst had adequate stability at three consecutive runs, with a reduced performance was 18.60%. The reduction of FFA conversion was due to the leaching of the catalyst’s active site. This study disclosed that the FAME generated from the esterification of FFA on WCO-catalyzed montmorillonite-sulfonated carbon had a promising option as biodiesel blends for increasing the quality of commercial diesel.

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Section: Optimization Studysupporting

confidence: 93%

Potential of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as Diesel Blends Produced from Free Fatty Acid in Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Montmorillonite-Sulfonated Carbon

Hasanudin¹,

Asri²,

Putri³

et al. 2023

JST

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“…For conversion of the reactants to FAMEs as much as possible, an adequate reaction time is necessary. However, an excessively long reaction time may lead to a reversal of the transesterification process …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of NaCl-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Biodiesel Production from Waste Oil via Transesterification: A Box–Behnken Design Approach

Hu,

Jiang,

Song

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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NaCl-modified graphitic carbon nitrides (GCN) were applied in the base-catalyzed transesterification of recovered oil. GCN has been seen as a prospective heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification, but pristine-GCN has a narrow range of applications because of its weak basic sites and small surface area. To overcome these defects, NaCl-modified GCN was prepared through the co-thermal polymerization of NaCl with urea. The doping of NaCl generated C�N and Na−N species, which enhanced the basicity of the catalyst. Meanwhile, with the assistance of NaCl, GCN was decomposed and produced a large number of small pores of hundreds of nanometers, which contributed to the increase in specific surface area. In addition, the effects of transesterification parameters and their interactions on biodiesel yields were investigated by using Box−Behnken design, and the reaction conditions were optimized. A high biodiesel yield of 93.05% was achieved under the optimal conditions.

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“…About 80% biodiesel yield was achieved using CaO catalyst, instead of CaO, CaO doped Al 2 O 3 yield was drastically increased. 64 An account of this, CaO doped TiO 2 was prepared and employed in transesterification process with satisfactory results, and hence these experimental values were taken under consideration for enhancement of process parameters.…”

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable biodiesel production from Ceiba penandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica using CaO-TiO₂ nano catalyst

Sujin¹,

Diaz²,

Kings

et al. 2022

Energy & Environment

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Rapid industrialization and population expansion increased the demand for petroleum-based fuels, resulting in price hike and creates serious environmental issues. Biodiesel, a clean, renewable and long-lasting alternative and for large scale production needs readily available and sustainable feedstocks. Edible and non-edible plants are abundant in Southern India, particularly Ceiba penandra (CP), Mahua longifolia (ML), and Azadirachta indica (AI), which were employed in this study in combination. An efficient heterogeneous nano-catalyst CaO-TiO2 was synthesized and employed in the transesterification process due to its recoverability and insensitivity to FFA. The catalyst was subjected to characterize by FTIR, XRD and SEM with EDX mapping. Response surface approach is engaged in this study for cost-effective production. More than 95% biodiesel yield was achieved for Ceiba penandra oil (CPO), Mahua longifolia oil (MLO), Azadirachta indica oil (AIO) and their mixture (MIO) by optimization of significant reaction parameters and the best combination was obtained as methanol oil ratio (0.32, 0.46, 0.34 and 0.42 v/v), catalyst usage (5, 6.5, 6 and 4 wt.%), mixing intensity (750, 840, 700 and 540 rpm) and duration (80, 105, 85 and 85 min) respectively with constant temperature of 70°C. Fatty acid profile was characterized by chromatograph also established the properties by ASTM and EN guidelines to confirm its compatibility in the IC engine.

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Low temperature optimization of biodiesel production from algal oil using CaO and CaO/Al2O3 as catalyst by the application of response surface methodology

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Potential of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as Diesel Blends Produced from Free Fatty Acid in Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Montmorillonite-Sulfonated Carbon

Potential of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as Diesel Blends Produced from Free Fatty Acid in Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Montmorillonite-Sulfonated Carbon

Investigation of NaCl-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Biodiesel Production from Waste Oil via Transesterification: A Box–Behnken Design Approach

Sustainable biodiesel production from Ceiba penandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica using CaO-TiO₂ nano catalyst

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Low temperature optimization of biodiesel production from algal oil using CaO and CaO/Al2O3 as catalyst by the application of response surface methodology

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Potential of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as Diesel Blends Produced from Free Fatty Acid in Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Montmorillonite-Sulfonated Carbon

Potential of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as Diesel Blends Produced from Free Fatty Acid in Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Montmorillonite-Sulfonated Carbon

Investigation of NaCl-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Biodiesel Production from Waste Oil via Transesterification: A Box–Behnken Design Approach

Sustainable biodiesel production from Ceiba penandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica using CaO-TiO2 nano catalyst

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Sustainable biodiesel production from Ceiba penandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica using CaO-TiO₂ nano catalyst