Low temperature stress in a cultured fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fed with Pyropia columbina red seaweed-supplemented diet

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the cold stress effects (in terms of hematology, energy reserves, and oxidative stress) in Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacú) and their mitigation by a Pyropia columbina red seaweedsupplemented diet. For this purpose, juvenile fish were fed with a control (CD) or a red seaweed-supplemented diet (RD) for 60 days, and then, the animals were exposed to a low temperature (14 °C) and a control temperature (24 °C) for 24 h. The cold shock generated an increase of hemoglobin levels in fish fed with both diets. In CD-fed fish, plasmatic triglycerides, cholesterol, and hepatic glycogen decreased after the thermal shock; meanwhile, the animals fed with RD showed decreased hepatic proteins, but increased cholesterol and hepatic glycogen. Regarding oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes augmented their activity in the liver, intestine, and gills; meanwhile, lipid oxidative damage was observed in the liver and intestine of fish exposed to 14 °C and fed with both diets. Pacú was sensitive to cold shock, but no mitigation effects were observed in fish fed with the supplemented diet. Further research should target higher concentrations of P. columbina in supple-mented diets to take advantage of this valuable resource.

Nutritional comparison and evaluation of two macroalgae, Sargassum ilicifulium and Padina australis, as partial substitution of fish meal in practical diets of Asian sea bass juvenile (Lates calcarifer)

“…al., 2019;Ale et al, 2021). Unlike our study,Zeynali et al (2020) reported inclusion of S. ilicifolium at 3, 6 or 9% levels did not affect serum cholesterol and triglyceride in L. calcarifer.…”

Effect of climate change on hematotoxicity/hepatoxicity oxidative stress, Oncorhynchus mykiss, under controlled conditions

“…Therefore, up-regulation of SOD in most tissues and general depression of this antioxidant enzyme suggest an increase in the level of hydrogen peroxide after thermal stress. Therefore, depression of antioxidant enzymes may be a defense strategy to help with the effectiveness of the immune system [ 61 ].…”

“…It has been previously observed that thermal stress can modulate the oxidative stress state in teleost fish’s various tissues [ 49 ]. The thermal stress at low temperatures has been reported in dairy fish ( Chanos chanos ) as increasing antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage [ 62 ], while lipid peroxidation has been observed in Piaractus mesopotamicus under the same stressor effect [ 61 , 63 , 64 ]. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation may vary by species.…”

High-Temperature Stress Effect on the Red Cusk-Eel (Geypterus chilensis) Liver: Transcriptional Modulation and Oxidative Stress Damage

“…It was previously observed that thermal stress could modulate the oxidative stress status in several tissues of teleost fish [ 50 , 51 ]. One of the relevant organs in which oxidative status could be affected by thermal stress is the liver, as it was previously observed that thermal stress by low temperature could increase antioxidant enzymes in milkfish ( Chanos Chanos ) [ 52 ], as well as generate oxidative damage, leading to lipid peroxidation in Pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ) under low-temperature stress [ 53 , 54 ]. High-temperature stress could also generate a relevant impact on the oxidative status of fish, with increased antioxidant enzyme activities, as observed for Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ) [ 55 ].…”