Lower Early Mortality Rates Among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment at Clinics Offering Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Malawi

Lowrance, David; Makombe, Simon D; Harries, Anthony; Yu, Joseph Kwong-Leung; Aberle‐Grasse, John; Eiger, Odette; Shiraishi, Ray W.; Marston, Barbara J.; Ellerbrock, Tedd V.; Libamba, Edwin

doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181378ed2

Cited by 60 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Of the nine, seven reported an estimate for the effect of cotrimoxazole on mortality, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] whereas three reported an estimate for the effect on morbidity. 28,35,36 Two studies also reported the preventive effect on malaria.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28,35,36 Two studies also reported the preventive effect on malaria. 28,36 Assessment of publication bias indicated that three studies [28][29][30] were of high methodological quality, while the other six [31][32][33][34][35][36] were of moderate methodological quality (Table 4, available at: http://www.who. int/bulletin/volumes/90/2/11-093260).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 Lowrance et al reported that 10 of 574 patients on cotrimoxazole stopped treatment during 6 months of follow-up but did not state whether or not the cause was cotrimoxazole-related toxicity. 30 Since only two of the eight studies followed participants for more than 13 months on average, it was difficult to gauge whether or not the survival benefit of cotrimoxazole waned after ART-induced immune reconstitution. However, Walker et al did analyse the effect of the duration of cotrimoxazole combined with ART.…”

Section: 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The slow increase in the uptake of cotrimoxazole has been associated with delays in the dissemination of recommendations on its use (either in stand-alone guidelines or integrated into ART guidelines), problems with drug procurement and supply, poor health-care infrastructure for managing patients before ART and inadequate systems for monitoring and evaluation. 30 In addition to resolving these issues, the number of adults receiving cotrimoxazole could also be increased by raising awareness of its benefits and by using indicators to monitor its uptake both globally and at the level of individual treatment programmes. 38 Moreover, treatment programmes could also provide forecasts of the future annual demand for cotrimoxazole by using local data on the number of individuals currently receiving or expected to start ART.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of cotrimoxazole on mortality in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Suthar

Granich

Mermin

et al. 2011

Bull. World Health Organ.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of cotrimoxazole on mortality in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Suthar

Granich

Mermin

et al. 2011

Bull. World Health Organ.

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“…Combination of co-trimoxazole preventive therapy with ART, compared with use of one of these interventions alone, is associated with reduced 6-month mortality (by up to 40%), 102 fewer episodes of malaria, 103 and increased overall life expectancy. 104 Despite clear WHO guidelines for co-trimoxazole preventive therapy in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis, 95 by 2008 only 33% of patients reached the access target set by the Global Plan to Stop TB.…”

Section: Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

The HIV-associated tuberculosis epidemic—when will we act?

et al. 2010

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Journal LancetRights Reproduced on this site with permission of Elsevier Ltd. Please see [url] Tuberculosis 3The HIV-associated tuberculosis epidemic-when will we act? Anthony D Harries, Rony Zachariah, Elizabeth L Corbett, Stephen D Lawn, Ezio T Santos-Filho, Rhehab Chimzizi, Mark Harrington, Dermot Maher, Brian G Williams, Kevin M De Cock Despite policies, strategies, and guidelines, the epidemic of HIV-associated tuberculosis continues to rage, particularly in southern Africa. We focus our attention on the regions with the greatest burden of disease, especially sub-Saharan Africa, and concentrate on prevention of tuberculosis in people with HIV infection, a challenge that has been greatly neglected. We argue for a much more aggressive approach to early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection in aff ected communities, and propose urgent assessment of frequent testing for HIV and early start of antiretroviral treatment (ART). This approach should result in short-term and long-term declines in tuberculosis incidence through individual immune reconstitution and reduced HIV transmission. Implementation of the 3Is policy (intensifi ed tuberculosis case fi nding, infection control, and isoniazid preventive therapy) for prevention of HIV-associated tuberculosis, combined with earlier start of ART, will reduce the burden of tuberculosis in people with HIV infection and provide a safe clinical environment for delivery of ART. Some progress is being made in provision of HIV care to HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis, but too few receive co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and ART. We make practical recommendations about how to improve this situation. Early HIV diagnosis and treatment, the 3Is, and a comprehensive package of HIV care, in association with directly observed therapy, short-course (DOTS) for tuberculosis, form the basis of prevention and control of HIV-associated tuberculosis. This call to action recommends that both HIV and tuberculosis programmes exhort implementation of strategies that are known to be eff ective, and test innovative strategies that could work. The continuing HIV-associated tuberculosis epidemic needs bold but responsible action, without which the future will simply mirror the past.

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Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection

Humphreys

Smith

Azman

et al. 2010

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Lower Early Mortality Rates Among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment at Clinics Offering Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Malawi

Cited by 60 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of cotrimoxazole on mortality in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effect of cotrimoxazole on mortality in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The HIV-associated tuberculosis epidemic—when will we act?

Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection

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