Lower Left Temporal Lobe MRI Volumes in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia Compared With Psychotic Patients With First-Episode Affective Disorder and Normal Subjects

Hirayasu, Yoshio; Shenton, Martha E.; Salisbury, Dean F.; Dickey, Chandlee C.; Fischer, Iris A.; Mazzoni, Paola; Kisler, T.; Arakaki, Hajime; Kwon, Jun Soo; Anderson, Jane; Yurgelun‐Todd, Deborah; Tohen, Mauricio; McCarley, Robert W.

doi:10.1176/ajp.155.10.1384

Cited by 286 publications

(222 citation statements)

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“…Diagnoses were confirmed at follow-up interview. Consistent with the literature (e.g., DeLisi et al, 1997;Salisbury et al, 1998;Hirayasu et al, 1998Hirayasu et al, , 1999Hirayasu et al, , 2000Hirayasu et al, , 2001Lee et al, 2002;Lieberman et al, 2001), first-episode was operationally defined as the first psychiatric hospitalization. Median duration of psychotropic medication prior to MRI was short (Table 1).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The protocols for diagnosis and clinical evaluations have been described in detail in previous studies Hirayasu et al, 1998Hirayasu et al, , 1999Hirayasu et al, , 2000Hirayasu et al, , 2001Lee et al, 2002). Briefly, patients and control subjects met criteria for age (18-55 years), IQ above 75, right-handedness, and negative history for seizures, for head trauma with loss of consciousness, for neurologic disorder, and for any lifetime history of alcohol or other drug dependence.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cavum septi pellucidi in first-episode schizophrenia and first-episode affective psychosis: an MRI study

Kasai

McCarley

Salisbury

et al. 2004

Schizophrenia Research

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A high prevalence of abnormal cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in schizophrenia may reflect neurodevelopmental abnormalities in midline structures of the brain. The relationship, however, between abnormal CSP and clinical symptoms, and with abnormalities in other limbic structures remains unclear, as does the question of whether a similar abnormality is present in affective psychosis. Seventy-four patients at their first hospitalization, 33 with schizophrenia and 41 with affective (mainly manic) psychosis, and 56 healthy control subjects underwent high-spatialresolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CSP on six slices or more on 0.9375-mm resampled coronal images was categorized as abnormal. The prevalence of abnormal CSP in both schizophrenic patients (26.1%) and affective psychosis patients (18.2%) was significantly higher than was observed in control subjects (8.2%). In schizophrenic patients only, larger CSP was significantly associated with more severe thinking disturbance and smaller left parahippocampal gyrus gray matter volumes. While the relationships between CSP ratings and clinical symptoms did not significantly differ between the two psychosis groups as assessed by the comparison of regression slopes, the association with limbic volumes appeared to be specific to schizophrenic patients. These results suggest that psychosis associated with schizophrenia and affective disorder share, at least to some extent, neurodevelopmental abnormalities involving midline structures and associated psychopathological consequences. However, the association between abnormal CSP and limbic systems may be more specific to schizophrenia.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavum septi pellucidi in first-episode schizophrenia and first-episode affective psychosis: an MRI study

Kasai

McCarley

Salisbury

et al. 2004

Schizophrenia Research

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“…A meta-analysis found hippocampal volume (HV) reductions of about 4% in chronic schizophrenia (Nelson et al, 1998) and of about 2.7% in first-episode schizophrenia (Steen et al, 2006) compared to healthy controls (HC). It seems that HV reductions in first-episode psychosis (FEP) are less extensive than in chronic populations Hirayasu et al, 1998;Lawrie et al, 1999;Steen et al, 2006;Velakoulis et al, 2006).…”

Section: Structural Brain Abnormalities In Schizophrenia Have Been Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampus abnormalities in at risk mental states for psychosis? A cross-sectional high resolution region of interest magnetic resonance imaging study

Buehlmann

Berger²,

Aston

et al. 2010

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Abstract:Background: Hippocampal volume (HV) reduction is well documented in schizophrenia.However, it is still unclear whether this change is a pre-existing vulnerability factor, a sign of disease progression, a consequence of environmental factors, such as drug use, antipsychotic medication, or malnutrition. The timing of HV changes is not well established, but a lack of macrostructural hippocampal brain abnormalities before disease onset would rather support a neuroprogressive illness model. Results: The overall ANCOVA model comparing left HVs across FEP, ARMS and HC indicated a significant general group effect (p < .05) with largest volumes in ARMS and smallest in FEP. ARMS-T subjects had significantly larger left HVs compared to FE but no HV differences compared to HC (p<0.05). Over all groups, we found an asymmetry between the left and right mean HVs and a strong effect of sex.

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“…We have recently examined a larger extent of posterior superior temporal gyrus than that evaluated in Shenton et al (1992) and Hirayasu et al (1998), the planum temporale (Kwon et al 1999, which should be consulted for literature references for this paragraph). This brain region, originally defined as a surface in postmortem work, includes the posterior extension of the superior temporal gyrus, not included in our previous work.…”

Section: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: unifying basic research and clinical aspects

McCarley

Niznikiewicz

Salisbury

et al. 1999

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

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Seeking to unite psychological and biological approaches, this paper links cognitive and cellular hypotheses and data about thought and language abnormalities in schizophrenia. The common thread, it is proposed, is a dysregulated suppression of associations (at the behavioral and functional neural systems level), paralleled by abnormalities of inhibition at the cellular and molecular level, and by an abnormal anatomical substrate (reduced MRI gray matter volume) in areas subserving language.At the level of behavioral experiments and connectionist modeling, data suggest an abnormal semantic network connectivity (strength of associations) in schizophrenia, but not an abnormality of network size (number of associates). This connectivity abnormality is likely to be a preferential processing of the dominant (strongest) association, with the neglect of preceding contextual information.At the level of functional neural systems, the N400 event-related potential amplitude is used to index the extent of "search" for a semantic match to a word. In a short stimulus-onset-asynchrony condition, both schizophrenic and schizotypal personality disorder subjects showed, compared with controls, a reduced N400 amplitude to the target words that were related to cues, e.g. cat-dog, a result compatible with behavioral data. Other N400 data strongly and directly suggest that schizophrenics do not efficiently utilize context. At the level of anatomical system substrates, considerable MRI data indicate abnormalities in the temporal lobe structures that subserve language and verbal associations. Gray matter volume is reduced in the posterior portion of the dominant superior temporal gyrus in both chronic and first episode schizophrenics (but not in manic-depressive psychosis), with the magnitude of reduction correlating with the degree of thought disorder.At the level of in vitro cellular and molecular analysis, NMDA receptors on inhibitory neurons are much more sensitive to blockade than are excitatory projections. A resulting failure of recurrent inhibition may account for the psychotomimetic effects of such NMDA receptor blockers as ketamine and phencyclidine, and may also be present in schizophrenia, where an endogenous NMDA receptor blocker, NAAG, is increased, and where other abnormalities of recurrent inhibition may be present. A biophysical simulation of this circuit abnormality in a model of learned pattern recognition produced, because of the reduction in recurrent inhibition, aberrant spread of excitation, resulting in confusion of normally distinguishable patterns. We suggest the neural circuit failure of inhibition and consequent aberrant spread of activation may be the substrate for an inability to use context, with the behavioral and functional consequences just described. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the unbalanced excitation might lead to progressive, neurodegenerative changes in gray matter, marked by progressive volume reduction.

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Lower Left Temporal Lobe MRI Volumes in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia Compared With Psychotic Patients With First-Episode Affective Disorder and Normal Subjects

Abstract: These findings suggest that temporal lobe abnormalities are present at the first hospitalization for schizophrenia and that low volume of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus gray matter is specific to schizophrenia compared with affective disorder.

Cited by 286 publications

References 40 publications

Cavum septi pellucidi in first-episode schizophrenia and first-episode affective psychosis: an MRI study

Cavum septi pellucidi in first-episode schizophrenia and first-episode affective psychosis: an MRI study

Hippocampus abnormalities in at risk mental states for psychosis? A cross-sectional high resolution region of interest magnetic resonance imaging study

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: unifying basic research and clinical aspects

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