Lower Permian Bryozoa from Ellesmere Island (Canada)

Ernst, Andrej; Nakrem, Hans Arne

doi:10.1007/bf02988378

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Bryozoans of the orders Trepostomata, Cystoporata, Cryptostomata and Fenestrata were widespread and diverse in the Permian of both Boreal and Tethyan seas (Ross & Ross 1990; Ross 1995; Gilmour & Morozova 1999). Few publications exist on such faunas from the Permian of the Sverdrup Basin (Morozova & Kručinina 1986; Sakagami 1998; Ernst & Nakrem 2005, 2007; Reid et al. 2007), but bryozoans are mentioned as a common fossil group in several general descriptions of the geology of this area.…”

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Lower Triassic bryozoan beds from Ellesmere Island, High Arctic, Canada

Baud¹,

Nakrem

Beauchamp

et al. 2008

Polar Research

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In the Sverdrup Basin (Canadian Arctic), the Lower Triassic Blind Fiord Formation, comprising siltstone and shale, overlies various Middle to Late Permian (post‐Wordian) sedimentary units. This formation is subdivided into three members: the Confederation Point, Smith Creek and Svartfjeld members of, respectively, Griesbachian–Dienerian, Smithian–Spathian and Spathian ages. Lower Triassic bryozoan beds are known from many sections of Ellesmere Island, but have never been studied in detail. During the Early Triassic biotic recovery interval, immediately following the Permian/Triassic extinction event, only one new bryozoan genus evolved in the Boreal region: Arcticopora. The first lower Triassic bryozoan bed appears in the upper part of the Confederation Point Member, and is dated as late Dienerian. Succeeding bryozoan levels occur in the upper Smith Creek Member, and are late Smithian–early Spathian in age. Bryozoan beds occupy a similar stratigraphic position in Spitsbergen. There, they occur scattered in silt to coarse sandstone beds, but also in bryozoan‐dominated packstone beds resembling the packstone units in the uppermost part of the Confederation Point Member of Ellesmere Island. Previously, bryozoan‐rich beds of Triassic age have not been reported, and the present work fills an important time gap in the bryozoan carbonate database.

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Lower Triassic bryozoan beds from Ellesmere Island, High Arctic, Canada

Baud¹,

Nakrem

Beauchamp

et al. 2008

Polar Research

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“…Permian Southern Hemisphere basins and locations included eastern Australia (Tasmania, Sydney, and Bowen Basins) (Crockford 1941, 1943, 1945; Wass 1968; Reid 2001, 2003; Morozova 2004), Western Australia (Crockford 1957), Timor (Bassler 1929), and southern Thailand (Sakagami 1968, 1970, 1973, 1975, 1999). Permian Northern Hemisphere basins and locations included Novaya Zemlya and the Russian Arctic (Morozova and Krutchinina 1986), data in Morozova (1970), Spitsbergen and Arctic Canada (Nakrem 1994; Key et al 2001; Ernst and Nakrem 2007; Nakrem et al 2009), Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai (Romanchuk 1967; Romanchuk and Kiseleva 1968; Kiseleva 1982), and Nevada, U.S.A. (Gilmour 1962, 2014; Gilmour and Snyder 1986, 2000; Gilmour et al 1997).…”

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Latitudinal influences on bryozoan calcification through the Paleozoic

Reid¹,

Jackson²,

Key³

2022

Paleobiology

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Bryozoans are active non-phototrophic biomineralizers that precipitate their calcareous skeletons in seawater. Carbonate saturation states varied temporally and spatially in Paleozoic oceans, and we used the Bryozoan Skeletal Index (BSI) to investigate whether bryozoan calcification was controlled by seawater chemistry in Paleozoic trepostome and cryptostome bryozoans. Our results show that cryptostome bryozoan genera were influenced by ocean chemistry throughout the Paleozoic and precipitated the most calcite at lower latitudes, where carbonate saturation states are generally higher, and less in midlatitudes, where carbonate will be relatively undersaturated. Trepostome bryozoan genera show a similar but weaker trend for the Ordovician to Devonian, suggesting that, like the cryptostomes, they were unable to metabolically overcome falling saturation states and simply precipitated less robust skeletons at higher latitudes. Carboniferous to Triassic trepostomes differ, however, and show a trend toward increased calcification at higher latitudes, indicating an ability to overcome unfavorable carbonate saturation states. Analysis of Permian trepostomes at the species level indicates this is most pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere, where calcification is matched by increased feeding capacity. It is proposed that this increased feeding capacity allowed trepostomes to metabolically overcome unfavorable carbonate saturation states. The differing responses of trepostome and cryptostome bryozoans to carbonate saturation states suggest that bryozoans should not be considered as a single group in marine extinctions linked to ocean chemistry changes. Likewise, it would suggest that modern stenolaemate and gymnolaemate bryozoans should be treated separately when considering their response to modern ocean chemistry changes.

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“…Rich collections of Devonian plants, Permo-Carboniferous brachiopods, corals, and bryozoans, as well as Mesozoic invertebrates were made. The descriptions of this material filled thirty-nine volumes in the years that followed, and these fossils are still the subject of modern investigations (e.g., Ernst and Nakrem 2007; Manum and Cookson 1964). See Schei (1903) for a first geological outline of the details of the expedition.…”

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Fossils From the Arctic in the Collections of the Natural History Museum in Oslo, Norway

Nakrem

Lindemann

Hurum

et al. 2023

Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals

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The fossils from the Arctic in the palaeontological collections of the Natural History Museum in Oslo (NHMO), Norway, cover most taxonomic groups and stratigraphic ages. They have proved useful in many research projects by adding important data, or by being the sole basis for these projects. The collections are well curated and most parts of them are registered in computer databases. Museum collections like those at the NHMO help to document the evolution of organismal groups in the (present-day) Arctic, and the palaeoecological and palaeoclimatological conditions they lived under. They are a resource for science by keeping records of fossils and rocks from remote locations, some of them with restricted access today (e.g., Novaya Zemlya, Russia). Not least they also document the history of scientific exploration and collecting culture over time. The history of exploration and appropriation of land in the Arctic, where many areas were considered to be “no man’s land” until the early twentieth century, is reflected in the collections, as is the building of a national Norwegian identity through polar expeditions in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century.

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Lower Permian Bryozoa from Ellesmere Island (Canada)

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Lower Triassic bryozoan beds from Ellesmere Island, High Arctic, Canada

Lower Triassic bryozoan beds from Ellesmere Island, High Arctic, Canada

Latitudinal influences on bryozoan calcification through the Paleozoic

Fossils From the Arctic in the Collections of the Natural History Museum in Oslo, Norway

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