LSD use in the United States: Trends, correlates, and a typology of us

Killion, Brittany; Hai, Audrey Hang; Alsolami, Abdulaziz; Vaughn, Michael G.; Oh, Pyeung-Ja; Salas-Wright, Christopher P.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108715

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Compared to males, females presented with lower odds of past-month, past-year, and lifetime use of all hallucinogens except MDMA, corroborating previous epidemiological research suggesting disproportionally higher prevalence rates of hallucinogen use among males (10,13,14). Notably, people of color reported substantially higher prevalence rates of pastyear hallucinogen use than those captured in previous reports (14)(15)(16)(17). Furthermore, our findings indicated that from 2015 to 2019 lifetime LSD use remained relatively stable across biological sex and race/ethnicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Race, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Prevalence of and Trends in Hallucinogen Consumption Among Lifetime Users in the United States Between 2015 and 2019

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe current study is one of the first to examine race, ethnic, and sex differences in the prevalence of and trends in hallucinogen use among lifetime users in the United States.MethodsData came from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and included respondent's reporting ever-using hallucinogens (n = 41,060; female = 40.4%). Descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted in Stata.ResultsHighest prevalence of past year hallucinogen use was among Asian females (35.06%), which was two-or-more times larger than prevalence of past year use among White males/females and Native American males. More than half of White males/females, Multiracial males, and Hispanic males reported had ever-used psilocybin or LSD, whereas less than one-quarter of Black males/females reported lifetime psilocybin use, and less than a third of Black females reported lifetime LSD use. Native American males had the lowest prevalence of lifetime MDMA use (17.62–33.30%) but had the highest lifetime prevalence of peyote use (40.37–53.24%). Pacific Islander males had the highest prevalence of lifetime mescaline use (28.27%), and lifetime DMT use was highest among Pacific Islander males/females (15.68–38.58%). Black, Asian, and Multiracial people had greater odds of past-year (ORs = 1.20–2.02; ps < 0.05) and past-month (ORs = 1.39–2.06; ps < 0.05) hallucinogen use compared to White people. Females had lower odds of past-year (OR = 0.79; ps < 0.05), past-month (OR = 0.78; ps < 0.05) hallucinogen use compared to males, except for lifetime use of MDMA (OR = 1.29; ps < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings should inform public health initiatives regarding potential benefits and risks of hallucinogen use among racial/ethnic groups and women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Race, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Prevalence of and Trends in Hallucinogen Consumption Among Lifetime Users in the United States Between 2015 and 2019

et al. 2022

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“…In parallel to the “Psychedelic Revolution in Psychiatry” [ 45 ], recreational use appears to be increasing [ 46 – 51 ]. A recent survey conducted from March to May 2020 by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction with 10,000 respondents from across Europe (average age 29 years, 58% male) showed that 10% used lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the last 30 days [ 52 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelic perceptions: mental health service user attitudes to psilocybin therapy

et al. 2021

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Introduction Despite the rapid advance of psychedelic science and possible translation of psychedelic therapy into the psychiatric clinic, very little is known about mental health service user attitudes. Objectives To explore mental health service user attitudes to psychedelics and psilocybin therapy. Methods A questionnaire capturing demographics, diagnoses, previous psychedelic and other drug use, and attitudes to psychedelics and psilocybin therapy was distributed to mental health service users. Results Ninety-nine participants completed the survey (52% female, mean age 42 years). The majority (72%) supported further research, with 59% supporting psilocybin as a medical treatment. A total of 27% previously used recreational psilocybin, with a male preponderance (p = 0.01). Younger age groups, those with previous psychedelic experience, and those with non-religious beliefs were more likely to have favourable attitudes towards psilocybin. A total of 55% of the total sample would accept as a treatment if doctor recommended, whereas 20% would not. Fewer people with depression/anxiety had used recreational psychedelics (p = 0.03) but were more likely to support government funded studies (p = 0.02). A minority (5%) of people with conditions (psychosis and bipolar disorder) that could be exacerbated by psilocybin thought it would be useful for them. One fifth of the total sample viewed psychedelics as addictive and unsafe even under medical supervision. Concerns included fear of adverse effects, lack of knowledge, insufficient research, illegality, and relapse if medications were discontinued. Conclusions The majority supported further research into psilocybin therapy. Younger people, those with previous recreational psychedelic experience, and those with non-religious beliefs were more likely to have favourable attitudes towards psilocybin therapy.

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“…These include higher levels of antisocial behavior as measured through interaction with the criminal justice system and the presence of comorbid mental health and substance abuse disorders. (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelic mushrooms in the USA: Knowledge, patterns of use and association with health outcomes

Matzopoulos

Morlock

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Introduction: Popular media coverage, including of recent positive late stage clinical trials in depression and PTSD, and decriminalization initiatives, are transforming the public perception of psychedelics. However, little is known about levels of knowledge and personal use of psychedelic mushroom(s) (PM) among American adults. Methods: We examined PM use and various measures of health status, quality of life and self-reported mental health outcome measures obtained through a national on-line, cross-sectional survey of adults with a demographic composition representative of the US adult population by region, gender, age, and race (weighted N = 251,297,495) from November 2020-March 2021. Results: General mental health and well-being was a popular reason for PM use (63.6%). PM users were less likely to be overweight than non-users, but overall quality of life (VR-12) was lower for mental health (39.5 vs 45.5). PM users reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (GAD-7 scores of 9.6 vs 5.9) and depression (PHQ-9 scores of 11.2 vs 6.8). They were less likely to have health insurance [OR=0.50 (0.35-0.72)], but reported significantly more healthcare services utilization. Discussion and Conclusions: There is a mismatch between our findings of an association between PM use and poor mental health outcomes, and current discourse on the positive health benefits of PM consumption. A significant number of Americans are already self medicating with PM and further research to understand the role of anecdotal knowledge and pseudoscientific information in PM uptake. There is an urgent need for a PM use-related national harm reduction strategy.

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LSD use in the United States: Trends, correlates, and a typology of us

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Race, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Prevalence of and Trends in Hallucinogen Consumption Among Lifetime Users in the United States Between 2015 and 2019

Race, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Prevalence of and Trends in Hallucinogen Consumption Among Lifetime Users in the United States Between 2015 and 2019

Psychedelic perceptions: mental health service user attitudes to psilocybin therapy

Psychedelic mushrooms in the USA: Knowledge, patterns of use and association with health outcomes

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