<p>COVID-19 Lockdown and Eye Injury: A Case Series from Jordan</p>

Abstract

Novel coronavirus or COVID-19 is a viral illness that can cause severe respiratory symptoms. It spreads between people through direct, indirect (through contaminated objects or surfaces), or close contact with infected people via mouth and nose secretions. COVID-19 has caused a worldwide pandemic that necessitated many countries to perform a national lockdown. In Jordan, a complete lockdown was imposed by the government on March 17th, 2020 and continued for more than two months. The lockdown included every single sector in the country. Hospitals were only dealing with outpatient emergency cases, urgent referrals from primary or secondary health institutions and with inpatients whose medical conditions required keeping them admitted. Elective clinics and surgeries were canceled. At the King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), which is the only tertiary center in northern Jordan, we dealt with four cases of traumatic eye injury that resulted in a ruptured globe. The four cases were for eyes that had a history of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and were visually compromised in the involved eye compared to the other eye. The percentage of open globe injuries to the total number of emergency cases presented during the lockdown was significantly higher than the percentage of open globe injuries to the total number of emergency cases presented during the corresponding period in the previous year (p=0.0005). We believe the lockdown inside homes has resulted in higher risk of trauma and rupture globe in this group of patients.

A German AWMF’s S2e/realist synthesis and meta-narrative snapshot of craniomaxillofacial manifestations in COVID-19 patients: Rapid living update on 1 January 2021

“…Striking prevalence of ocular/orbital injuries after complete lockdown in the Middle East and South Asia countries may relate to household violence due to emotional stress during the quarantine and/or culture in this world region (Level of Evidence 4) [ 58 , 59 ]. Guidelines for ocular/orbital trauma surgery related to COVID-19 were proposed by Natarajan et al [ 59 ] and Wong et al [ 60 ].…”

Characteristics and Outcomes of a Series of COVID-Associated Mucormycosis Patients in Two Different Settings in Egypt Through the Third Pandemic Wave

“… 1 , 2 Reported ocular complications of the viral infection have varied from common but simple ones as ocular surface inflammation, 3 to less common but serious ones as retinal vascular occlusion, 4 optic neuritis, and ocular cranial nerve palsies. 5 Adverse ocular sequelae of the pandemic have also been linked to treatment protocols, 6 positioning during intensive care unit stay, 7 lockdown restrictions, 8 and immunization. 9 …”

Ocular Trauma During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Two studies reported 2 and 11 cases with ocular trauma due to resistance band–related exercises carried out at home,31,32 respectively. Bapaye et al33 described 2 cases of pediatric ocular trauma caused by bow and arrow at home due to imitation of TV dramas, and Alqudah et al21 reported 4 cases of open globe injury that occurred at home.…”

“…1). [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] There were 31 studies in English and 1 in Chinese.…”