<p>Gallbladder Hydatid Cyst: A Review on Clinical Features, Investigations and Current Management</p>

Abstract

Video abstractPoint your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/ScO76Q8nEOYBackground: Gallbladder hydatid cyst (GBHC) is highly uncommon with an incidence of 0.3-0.4% of all atypically located hydatid cysts. Our personal experience of one case of primary GBHC (PGBHC) managed laparoscopically motivated this systematic review. This study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics, types [whether primary GBHC (PGBHC) or secondary GBHC (SGBHC)], clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, imaging studies, operative procedure, hospital stay, follow-up and recurrence. Methods: A systematic review was performed using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines.Results: Twenty studies, including 22 cases plus one more case managed by us, were included in the review. For PGBHC, the mean age was 48.61 years while for SGBHC it was 47.9 years. PGBHC was more common in females (69.23%) while SGBHC was more common in males (55.55%). Overall, GBHC was more common in females (56.52%). The most common presentation overall was abdominal pain (100%) followed by nausea/vomiting (43.47%). The other common symptoms were nausea/vomiting (61.53%) and Murphy's sign (38.46%) in PGBHC, but jaundice (50%) and fever (30%) in SGBHC. In PGBHC, 50% patients had normal liver function while this was deranged in 66.66% patients with SGBHC. Serology was positive in 50% of PGBHC and 100% in SGBHC. Ultrasonography was positive in 50%, while CT-scan showed 70%. CT-scan was better at detection of SGBHC (100%). The most common operation was open cholecystectomy (78.26%) either isolated or combined. Isolated open cholecystectomy was commonly done in PGBHC (69.23%). Overall, only 56.52% of patients received albendazole, but no recurrence was reported. The average hospital stay was 7.25 days and follow-up ranged from 1 month to 10 years. Conclusion: GBHC mostly affects females with abdominal pain being the most common symptom. Ultrasonography is expedient though CT-scan is more sensitive. Albendazole monotherapy has questionable value. Open cholecystectomy is the most common operation. However, laparoscopy is safe in experienced hands.

Cholangiohydatidosis. Clinical features, postoperative complications and hospital mortality. A systematic review

“…This is the first SR that summarizes the available evidence concerning CH. There are one SR refers to gallbladder echinococcosis, based on 20 studies that include 22 cases [ 119 ].…”

Multiseptate gallbladder

“…Under USG, with fine echogenic bands arising from the wall and in the absence of acoustic shadowing, the gallbladder would appear to have multiple intercommunicating compartments. Differential diagnosis includes desquamated gallbladder mucosa, polypoid cholesterolosis, hydatid cyst, congenital or acquired intramural diverticulosis, and even acute hepatitis [19–23] …”

“…Differential diagnosis includes desquamated gallbladder mucosa, polypoid cholesterolosis, hydatid cyst, congenital or acquired intramural diverticulosis, and even acute hepatitis. [19][20][21][22][23] In a 49 years old woman, endoscopic ultrasound was used to confirm the diagnosis of MSG. [4] Singh et al noticed that in cases with partial multiseptate gallbladder, those restricted to the neck of the gallbladder can be fully visualized through endoscopic ultrasound.…”

Liver hydatidosis disease with portal vein invasion: Report of a rare case and review of literature

“…In instances where larvae neither become ensnared within the liver nor the lungs or circumvent the liver via lymphatic pathways, they may potentially embed within various bodily locales. Though less commonly observed, this includes the spleen, kidneys, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, pancreas, gallbladder, inguinal region, cerebral hemispheres, spinal cord, mediastinum, and seminal vesicles [ [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] – 6 ]. We present a case of hydatidosis with an atypical site, including the diagnostic evaluation and surgical treatment.…”