<p>Genomics and Transcriptomics: The Powerful Technologies in Precision Medicine</p>

Abstract

In a clinical trial, people with the same disease can show different responses after treatment with the same drug and exactly under the same conditions. Some of them may improve, some may not show any response, and occasionally side effects may be observed. In other words, people with the same disease process under the same therapeutic conditions may have different responses. Today, some diseases are resistant to conventional (standard) treatment procedures. Why do people with the same disease show different responses to the treatment with the same drug? This is primarily due to differences in molecular pathways (especially genetic variations) associated with the disease. On the other hand, designing and delivery of a new drug is a time-consuming and costly process, so any mistake in any stage of this process can have irreparable consequences for pharmaceutical companies and consumer patients. Therefore, we can achieve more accurate and reliable treatments by acquiring precise insight into different aspects of precision medicine including genomics and transcriptomics. The aim of this paper is to address the role of genomics and transcriptomics in precision medicine.

Precision Medicine and Precision Nursing: The Era of Biomarkers and Precision Health

“…Moreover, transcriptome analysis, will consider several strategies of analysis, depending on whether the evaluation refers to a single gene (or a small group of genes) or all transcripts of a cell, tissue or organism. 8 …”

“…Moreover, transcriptome analysis, will consider several strategies of analysis, depending on whether the evaluation refers to a single gene (or a small group of genes) or all transcripts of a cell, tissue or organism. 8 The proteome is quite variable, and differs between cells in a tissue or organism, and changes also during time in response to several endogenous or exogenous factors or stimuli. Proteomics uses not only mass spectrometry, but also other highly sensitive methodologies, such as biosensors, microarrays, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray crystallography, as well as complex bioinformatic analysis.…”

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“…Precision medicine is medical modeling of future advanced technology that explores the convergence of data sciences, analytic and medical research, including understanding the molecular basis of disease through multiomics profiling, [36,37] which aims to utilize patient information in developing an individualized treatment plan. In the case of IVD disease, precision medicine helps in designing targeted therapeutic strategies based on patientspecific pathogenesis underlying IVD degeneration in the subgroup of the patient at early, mild to severe degeneration stages.…”

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