&lt;p&gt;Orbital Compartment Syndrome: An Update With Review Of The Literature&lt;/p&gt;

McCallum, Ewan; Keren, Shay; Lapira, Matthew; Norris, Jonathan H.

doi:10.2147/opth.s180058

Cited by 70 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Rabinowitz et al and McCallum et al, there may be a mechanism of tissue destruction from petroleum-based products which is corrosive and toxic and leads to acute physical trauma. The high pressure causes a compartment syndrome of retrobulbar spaces, and the mechanisms of inflammation, thrombosis, vasospasm, or optic nerve ischemia [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital Compressed Air and Diesel Explosion Injury Resembling Orbital Cellulitis: An Unusual Case

2021

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Patient: Male, 44-year-old Final Diagnosis: Orbital celullitis with multiple abscesses and pneumoorbita of the right eye caused by orbital-compressed air and diesel explosion Symptoms: Worsening of the right upper eyelid swelling • accompanied by pain • fever • redness Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Ophthalmology examination • CT Scan • microorganism culture • laboratory test Specialty: Ophthalmology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: In this observational case report, we describe a case of orbital cellulitis caused by blunt trauma from an orbital compressed air and diesel explosion injury. Case Report: A 44-year-old man presented to our emergency department with a marked clinical worsening of right upper eyelid swelling, accompanied by pain, fever, and redness. Four days prior, the patient’s right eye was struck by a pressurized diesel engine explosion. He sought treatment at another hospital, where an initial examination was conducted and a small laceration was found and immediately treated with irrigation and medication. The wound became progressively worse, and on examination at our hospital, we diagnosed orbital cellulitis, multiple abscesses, and pneumo-orbital formations. There was no indication of infection from the ears, nose, throat, and oral cavity, which usually causes orbital cellulitis. Drainage, debridement, incision, and necrotomy with orbital decompression (canthotomy and cantholysis procedure) was then performed on the patient. Conclusions: Diesel explosion injury can cause orbital cellulitis which can appear to be a simple case at first but has a poor prognosis. Therefore, evaluating the patient’s trauma history, computed tomography scan, and histopathological examination are essential in establishing the diagnosis. As early as possible, a diagnosis should be made to prevent tissue damage due to inflammation. Surgical debridement and the administration of a corticosteroid and antibiotic were key to managing the presented case.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital Compressed Air and Diesel Explosion Injury Resembling Orbital Cellulitis: An Unusual Case

2021

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“…Urgent surgical intervention with a lateral canthotomy and cantholysis is required before time-consuming imaging studies to optimize visual prognosis. 102 –105…”

Section: Ocular Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Complications in the Prone Position in the Critical Care Setting: The COVID-19 Pandemic

Sanghi

Malik

Hossain

et al. 2020

J Intensive Care Med

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Purpose: Ocular complications are common in the critical care setting but are frequently missed due to the focus on life-saving organ support. The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a surge in critical care capacity and prone positioning practices which may increase the risk of ocular complications. This article aims to review all ocular complications associated with prone positioning, with a focus on challenges posed by COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A literature review using keywords of “intensive care”, “critical care”, “eye care”, “ocular disorders”, “ophthalmic complications,” “coronavirus”, “COVID-19,” “prone” and “proning” was performed using the electronic databases of PUBMED, EMBASE and CINAHL. Results: The effects of prone positioning on improving respiratory outcomes in critically unwell patients are well established; however, there is a lack of literature regarding the effects of prone positioning on ocular complications in the critical care setting. Sight-threatening ophthalmic disorders potentiated by proning include ocular surface disease, acute angle closure, ischemic optic neuropathy, orbital compartment syndrome and vascular occlusions. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients may be more susceptible to ocular complications with increased proning practices and increasing demand on critical care staff. This review outlines these ocular complications with a focus on preventative and treatment measures to avoid devastating visual outcomes for the patient.

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“…The volume itself is confined by the orbital wall, orbital septum, and tarsal plate and intraocular pressure (IOP) is normally 8-21 mmHg [3][4][5][6]. Significant assault including but not limited to hemorrhage, abscess, tumor, orbital edema, or emphysema, or orbital cellulitis can lead to rapid rise in IOP >30 mmHg leading to ischemia and eventually irreversible vision loss [3,7,8]. Retinal ischemia for more than 90-120 minutes' leads to high risk for permanent blindness and therefore, must be addressed immediately without any delay due to imaging [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retinal ischemia for more than 90-120 minutes’ leads to high risk for permanent blindness and therefore, must be addressed immediately without any delay due to imaging [ 6 , 8 ]. Diagnosis of orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is clinical and typically presents with the following: proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), tense globe, tight eyelids in partially retracted position, elevated IOP, papilledema, optic atrophy, cherry red macula, venous congestion, or central retinal artery pulsation on fundoscopy [ 3 , 7 , 9 - 10 ]. Immediate surgical decompression lateral canthotomy and inferior canthotomy (LCIC) is the mainstay of treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case of Orbital Compartment Syndrome Post Cardiac Arrest

Kushwaha¹,

Agil²,

Furiato³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is a rare ophthalmic surgical emergency in the setting of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) Irreversible vision loss can occur without immediate surgical treatment consisting of lateral cantholysis. We present a case of acute OCS discovered after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with subsequent immediate lateral canthotomy and notable decrease in IOP. This in part demonstrates the importance of recognizing the clinical signs of OCS with or without trauma in the emergency department in addition with preparedness to perform a vision-saving procedure. Diagnosis is clinical and early recognition is essential. Index of suspicion for OCS in cardiac arrest without signs or history of trauma would typically be low, however, given the case presented, it was important for it to be excluded once the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved.

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<p>Orbital Compartment Syndrome: An Update With Review Of The Literature</p>

Cited by 70 publications

References 71 publications

Orbital Compressed Air and Diesel Explosion Injury Resembling Orbital Cellulitis: An Unusual Case

Orbital Compressed Air and Diesel Explosion Injury Resembling Orbital Cellulitis: An Unusual Case

Ocular Complications in the Prone Position in the Critical Care Setting: The COVID-19 Pandemic

Case of Orbital Compartment Syndrome Post Cardiac Arrest

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