<p>Screening for Bone Mineral Density and Assessment Knowledge Level of Low Peak Bone Risk Factors and Preventive Practices Among Kuwaiti Future Mothers</p>

Abstract

Background Attaining greater peak bone mass (PBM) prior to the onset of bone loss is getting increasing public health attention as healthy strong bones are essential to maintain our life. Females are more susceptible to bone loss. Knowledge and awareness about low peak bone mass and its related risk factors are important contributors to its preventive behavior. Objective To screen apparently healthy young Kuwaiti future mothers for low bone mineral density (BMD) and to assess their knowledge level about determinants of PBM and preventive practices. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study on 445 eligible women aged 18–35 years (either students or employees from Kuwait University) was performed. Data on socio-demographic and lifestyle variables were obtained by a semi-structured questionnaire. Their knowledge was assessed using the modified Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT). Bone mineral Density (BMD) was measured using Quantitative Ultrasonography (QUS). Results More than half (59.3%) of females had poor knowledge. A statistically significant relation was noted between the overall knowledge score and age, college, occupation, and socioeconomic class ( P <0.05 for each). Only 13.9% have low Z-score by QUS. By logistic regression, less carbonated beverages and coffee consumption positively affect BMD, while inadequate exercises level, indoor exposure to sunlight, and less frequency of brisk walking negatively affect BMD. Conclusion Unacceptable knowledge score significantly associated with BMD Z-score status. More attention should be devoted to education programs targeting adolescents and young females to promote knowledge about PBM and practice towards accrual and maintenance of bone health.

Association of urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites with bone mineral density in children and adolescents

“…A Kuwait cross-sectional study found a link between increased coffee consumption and increased BMD in women aged 18 to 35 years. [ 27 ] Three cohort studies from Asia backed with the same finding. [ 22 , 28 , 29 ] Other research, however, contradicted this finding.…”

Recommendations for Improving Women's Bone Health Throughout the Lifespan

“…Adolescence is a critical period for bone mineral accrual, as 40%–60% of adult PBM is accrued during the adolescent years. 8 It is estimated that a 10% increase in the PBM of children and adolescents can reduce the risk of an osteoporotic fracture during adulthood by 50%. 9 In women, the rate of bone accrual peaks in early adolescence (11–14 years old), though bones slowly continue to build in the years immediately following, until PBM is achieved in young adulthood (25–35 years old).…”