&lt;title&gt;Data analysis results from the GOLD experiments&lt;/title&gt;

Jeganathan, Muthu; Toyoshima, Morio; Wilson, Keith E.; James, J. Christopher; Lesh, James R.

doi:10.1117/12.273711

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…GOLD demonstration in 1998 showed that the scintillation index was drastically improved with four 514.5 nm multiple beams for uplink transmission. It was reported that the value of scintillation was 0.12 with two beams, however, its value reduces to 0.045 with four beams [227]. Reduction in the intensity variance by a factor of square root of the number of transmitting antennae is observed in [228], [229] for ground-to-satellite FSO uplink.…”

Section: Mitigation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Communication in Space: Challenges and Mitigation Techniques

Kaushal

Kaddoum

2017

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

1,353

721

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Abstract-In recent years, free space optical (FSO) communication has gained significant importance owing to its unique features: large bandwidth, license free spectrum, high data rate, easy and quick deployability, less power and low mass requirements. FSO communication uses optical carrier in the near infrared (IR) band to establish either terrestrial links within the Earth's atmosphere or inter-satellite/deep space links or ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground links. It also finds its applications in remote sensing, radio astronomy, military, disaster recovery, last mile access, backhaul for wireless cellular networks and many more. However, despite of great potential of FSO communication, its performance is limited by the adverse effects (viz., absorption, scattering and turbulence) of the atmospheric channel. Out of these three effects, the atmospheric turbulence is a major challenge that may lead to serious degradation in the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system and make the communication link infeasible. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on various challenges faced by FSO communication system for ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground and inter-satellite links. It also provide details of various performance mitigation techniques in order to have high link availability and reliability. The first part of the paper will focus on various types of impairments that pose a serious challenge to the performance of optical communication system for ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground and inter-satellite links. The latter part of the paper will provide the reader with an exhaustive review of various techniques both at physical layer as well as at the other layers (link, network or transport layer) to combat the adverse effects of the atmosphere. It also uniquely presents a recently developed technique using orbital angular momentum for utilizing the high capacity advantage of optical carrier in case of space-based and near-Earth optical communication links. This survey provides the reader with comprehensive details on the use of space-based optical backhaul links in order to provide high capacity and low cost backhaul solutions.

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Section: Mitigation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Communication in Space: Challenges and Mitigation Techniques

Kaushal

Kaddoum

2017

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

1,353

721

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“…In our simulation, we assumed the following; (1) the phase of the propagating light wave is modulated in a thin turbulent layer; (2) there is no effect on the light wave between the turbulent layer. The light wave propagation is calculated based on both geometrical optics and the scalar wave theory using.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Ao Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-to-satellite laser communication program at CRL using adaptive optics

Hayano¹,

Arimoto²,

Klaus³

1997

SPIE Proceedings

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This paper reports the application of an adaptive optics (AO) system to our ground-to-satellite laser communication system. We believe that the AO system is one of the best solutions to compensate the degradation of the laser beam due to an atmospheric turbulence and to realize a high bit-rate laser communication system. In the first stage of developing and designing the AO system, we have measured an atmospheric turbulence at Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), located in the west suburb of Tokyo. It shows that Fried's coherence length is about 5 cm in winter and 9 cm in summer at0.8 jim observing wavelength. We also simulated the AO performance of the laser communication system using our results of the atmospheric measurement.

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“…Prior experience 6,7,8 has shown that these effects are particularly severe for a single laser beam and can be mitigated by using multiple, mutually incoherent, co-propagating beams. Likewise, this strategy will be implemented by the OCTL uplink laser assembly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%