&lt;title&gt;Trace drug analysis by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy&lt;/title&gt;

Farquharson, Stuart; Lee, Vincent Yuan-Hsiang

doi:10.1117/12.411716

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The expected success of this approach is based on the extreme sensitivity of SERS demonstrated by the detection of single molecules, 22,23 the need of 1 mL of sample or less, and the ability to identify molecular structures of drugs through the rich vibrational information provided by Raman spectroscopy. The unique SER spectra should not only reduce false-positive responses, but also allow detecting drug metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten-minute analysis of drugs and metabolites in saliva by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2005

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Rapid analysis of drugs in emergency room overdose patients is critical to selecting appropriate medical care. Saliva analysis has long been considered an attractive alternative to blood plasma analysis for this application. However, current clinical laboratory analysis methods involve extensive sample extraction followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and typically require as much as one hour to perform. In an effort to overcome this limitation we have been investigating metal-doped sol-gels to both separate drugs and their metabolites from saliva and generate surface-enhanced Raman spectra. We have incorporated the sol-gel in a disposable lab-on-a-chip format, and generally no more than a drop of sample is required. The detailed molecular vibrational information allows chemical identification, while the increase in Raman scattering by six orders of magnitude or more allows detection of microg/mL concentrations. Measurements of cocaine, its metabolite benzoylecgonine, and several barbiturates are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten-minute analysis of drugs and metabolites in saliva by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2005

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“…We have used p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a test chemical to demonstrate surface enhancements greater than 10 6 , reversible measurements in a flowing system, reproducible measurements from vial-to-vial and batch-tobatch, and measurements in multiple solvents, including water. [14][15][16][17] Recently, we used these vials to measure Tabun (GB) and Sarin, and several hydrolysis products, pinacolyl methyl phosphonate (PMP from Soman), and methyl phosphonic acid (MPA from all G-agents, Figure 1). Although a number of unique vibrational bands are observed (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More rapid analysis of agents in the solid, liquid and gas phase has been Recently, we developed silver-doped sol-gels to promote the SER effect. [14][15][16][17] The porous silica network of the sol-gel matrix offers a unique environment for stabilizing SER-active metal particles, and the sol-gel provides a high surface area that effectively increases the number of molecules observed within the Raman scattering volume. The silver-doped sol-gels have been coated on the internal walls of standard glass vials to allow rapid SER analysis of small sample quantities (< 0.1 mL) without preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical agent identification by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2002

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The recent distribution of anthrax through the U.S. postal system and the subsequent infection and death of several postal and national media employees, amplifies the need for methods to rapidly detect, identify, and quantify this and other chemical and biological warfare agents. The U.S. military has also identified water supplies as a likely method of warfare agent deployment and is funding the development of a Joint Service Agent Water Monitor (JSAWM). In an effort to aid military personnel and the public at large, we are developing a portable analyzer capable of identifying and quantifying chemical agents rapidly, either "on-demand" or continuously. The approach is based on the ability of Raman spectroscopy to identify molecular structure through the abundant vibration information provided in spectra and the ability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect extremely low concentrations (e.g. part-per-billion) through the enhancement of Raman scattering by six orders of magnitude or more. A key element to the analyzer design is a new SER active medium that is capable of quantitative, reversible measurements. The medium consists of silver or gold nanoparticles incorporated into a sol-gel matrix. The porous silica network offers a unique environment for stabilizing SER active metals and the high surface area increases the interaction between the analyte and metal particles. Here we present the use of new sol-gels that also selectively enhance chemicals based on polarity and charge. Base-line measurements of chemical agents and their hydrolysis products are presented and compared to the JSAWM goal of 3.0 micrograms per liter detection.

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“…We have used p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a test chemical to demonstrate surface enhancements greater than 10 7 , reversible measurements in a flowing system, reproducible measurements from vial-to-vial and batch-tobatch, and measurements in multiple solvents, including water. [19][20][21][22] Here we present preliminary measurements of chemical agent simulants, in both the liquid and gas phases, as well as chemical agent hydrolysis products using our SER-active vials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Recently, we developed silver-doped sol-gels to promote the SER effect. [19][20][21][22] The porous silica network of the sol-gel matrix offers a unique environment for stabilizing SER-active metal particles, and the sol-gel provides a high surface area that effectively increases the number of molecules observed within the Raman scattering volume. The silver-doped sol-gels have been coated on the internal walls of standard glass vials to allow rapid SER analysis of small sample quantities (< 0.1 mL) without preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Rapid chemical agent identification by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy</title>

Lee

Farquharson

2001

SPIE Proceedings

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Although the Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, and use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), the use of these agents persists due to their low cost, simplicity in manufacturing and ease of deployment. These attributes make these weapons especially attractive to low technology countries and terrorists. The military and the public at large require portable, fast, sensitive, and accurate analyzers to provide early warning of the use of chemical weapons. Traditional laboratory analyzers such as the combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, although sensitive and accurate, are large and require up to an hour per analysis. New, chemical specific analyzers, such as immunoassays and molecular recognition sensors, are portable, fast, and sensitive, but are plagued by false-positives (response to interferents). To overcome these limitations, we have been investigating the potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to identify and quantify chemical warfare agents in either the gas or liquid phase. The approach is based on the extreme sensitivity of SERS demonstrated by single molecule detection, a new SERS material that we have developed to allow reproducible and reversible measurements, and the molecular specific information provided by Raman spectroscopy. Here we present SER spectra of chemical agent simulants in both the liquid and gas phase, as well as CWA hydrolysis products.

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<title>Trace drug analysis by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy</title>

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Ten-minute analysis of drugs and metabolites in saliva by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Ten-minute analysis of drugs and metabolites in saliva by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Chemical agent identification by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

<title>Rapid chemical agent identification by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy</title>

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