“…Artificial intelligence (AI), in the form of computer algorithms, have successfully been applied to bridge the gap between data acquisition and heuristic decision making. AI has been used extensively in the industrial sector (Fonseca et al, 2003;Delen and Pratt, 2006;Moynihan, 2004;Moynihan et al, 2006) and business community (Ahn et al, 2000;Nemati et al, 2002;Bahrammirzaee, 2010;Shen et al, 2011) to turn data into knowledge. AI application has also migrated into additional disciplines, including the water industry, where it has been demonstrated as an aid to modeling water quality (Panda et al, 2004;Purkait et al, 2008;Kisi et al, 2013) estimating water quantity (Nourani et al, 2012), predicting wastewater treatment performance (Rene et al, 2008), and optimizing distribution system design (Suribabu and Neelakantan, 2006).…”