Lumbar Disc Herniation in Fourteen Years Old Girl

Abstract

Lumbar disc herniation is a rare disease in children. Children INTRODUCTIONLumbar disc herniations (LDH) is a rare disease in the pediatric population in contrast to the adult population. The etiology and clinical features may be different in children than in adults. The aim of treatment should be an early return to daily living activities and longterm effectiveness. There are multiple factors as potential causes, of which trauma is the most common etiologic factor in children, mostly through sports injury, heavy lifting, extreme flexion, extension, fall, etc. (1). As many as 30-60% of children and adolescents with symptomatic LDH have a history of trauma before the onset of pain (2).However, there are reports in the literature that do not consider trauma the leading cause of lumbar pain in adolescents. Some studies have shown that one of the most likely factors that cause the early onset of lumbar disc herniation is vertebral deformities such as scoliosis, transitional defects (lumbarization and sacralization), spinal stenosis, and the presence of growth cartilage diseases such as Scheuermann's disease (3). The prevalence of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation in adolescents is between 0.5% and 3.8% (4). It is more common in adolescents but can also be diagnosed due to fall in children aged less than two years (5). There is no clear sex difference in the frequency of lumbar disc herniation in children despite some researchers reporting a slight predominance in either sex in different studies (6,8).The symptoms of lumbar disc herniation are, motor or sensorial deficit , rarely, the findings like cauda equina syndrome and radiculopathy can be seen in adult patients. Children with these symptoms are often referred to departments such as orthopedics and neurology because other causes are suspected (7). In 52% of children the segmental placement of lumbar disc herniation level is L5/S1, the level is L4/ L5 in 42.4%, and the L3/L4 level is affected in 6.1% (9). This clinical situation is similar to that seen in adults. The abnormalities that may be associated with lumbar disc herniation include