Luminex and antibody detection in kidney transplantation

Abstract

Preformed anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies have a negative effect on kidney transplantation outcome with an increased rejection rate and reduction in survival. Posttransplantation production of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies is indicative of an active immune response and risk of transplantation rejection. For many years the primary technique for anti-HLA antibody detection was complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which has been integrated by solid-phase assays as HLA antigen-coated bead methods (Luminex). This new technological approach has allowed identification of anti-HLA antibodies, not detectable using conventional CDC method, in patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Moreover, use of Luminex technology has enabled better definition of acceptable or unacceptable antigens favoring transplantation in highly immunized patients. However, there are still many unresolved issues, including the clinical relevance of antibodies detected with this system.

Comparison of Different Methods of Anti-Hla Antibodies Detection in Diagnosis of Antibody-Mediated Renal Allograft Rejection

“…С другой стороны, высокая чувствительность метода LUMINEX может быть причиной гипердиаг-ностики антитело-опосредованного отторжения [11,38]. Так, по нашим данным, при использовании это-го метода АТ к HLA выявлялись у 55% контрольной группы, тогда как при определении методом ELISA они выявлялись в 24% случаев (в подавляющем большинстве у пациентов после повторной АТП).…”

Long-term Follow-up of Kidney Transplants in a Region of Southern Italy

“…28 Human leukocyte antigen antibody detection was performed periodically by complement-dependent cytotoxicity and by solid-phase assays such enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and HLA-microbead assay (Luminex, Austin, TX, USA). 29,30 The entity of allosensitization of each patient was expressed as percentage of panel reactive antibodies. Preventive complement-dependent cytotoxicity cross-match was performed for all transplanted recipients by standard method, with a long incubation, using historical and current recipient sera and isolated class I and class II donor lymphocytes.…”

An Update on Crossmatch Techniques in Transplantation

“…Enhanced sensitivity has allowed improved rates of success in retransplants where detection of pre-sensitization from previous grafts allow the avoidance of those HLA markers on subsequent grafts [20].…”