Lung and lymph node metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of pathological aspects

Woo, Ha Young; Rhee, Hyungjin; Yoo, Jeong Eun; Kim, Se Hoon; Choi, Gi Hong; Kim, Do Young; Woo, Hyun Goo; Lee, Hye Sun; Park, Young Nyun

doi:10.1111/liv.15051

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In addition, the authors reported decreasing responses to nivolumab in the order of intrahepatic tumors (ORR, 10.1%) followed by metastatic tumors in the lung (ORR, 24.2%) and LN (ORR, 37.1%). The above results are supported by a previous study demonstrating that sites of HCC metastasis have altered pathological features [228] and Tregs have distinctive functions through different mediators in other organs [229].…”

Section: Disease Status and Tumor Burdensupporting

confidence: 85%

Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment Response in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Lee

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has one of the highest mortality rates among solid cancers. Late diagnosis and a lack of efficacious treatment options contribute to the dismal prognosis of HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based immunotherapy has presented a new milestone in the treatment of cancer. Immunotherapy has yielded remarkable treatment responses in a range of cancer types including HCC. Based on the therapeutic effect of ICI alone (programmed cell death (PD)-1/programmed death-ligand1 (PD-L)1 antibody), investigators have developed combined ICI therapies including ICI + ICI, ICI + tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), and ICI + locoregional treatment or novel immunotherapy. Although these regimens have demonstrated increasing treatment efficacy with the addition of novel drugs, the development of biomarkers to predict toxicity and treatment response in patients receiving ICI is in urgent need. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells received the most attention in early studies among various predictive biomarkers. However, PD-L1 expression alone has limited utility as a predictive biomarker in HCC. Accordingly, subsequent studies have evaluated the utility of tumor mutational burden (TMB), gene signatures, and multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) as predictive biomarkers. In this review, we aim to discuss the current state of immunotherapy for HCC, the results of the predictive biomarker studies, and future direction.

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Section: Disease Status and Tumor Burdensupporting

confidence: 85%

Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment Response in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Lee

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…However, patients with sinonasal metastasis had a dismal prognosis and they all died within one to nine months. Overall, the prognosis of patients with HCC with distant metastasis is poor, and the clinicopathologic characteristics and the survival of metastatic HCC varied according to various metastatic organs (22). Zhan et al founded that lung metastasis has a worse prognosis than bone metastasis, and the average survival time of brain metastasis is shorter than bone or lung metastasis (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma To The Nasal Cavity And Sinus: A Potential Diagnostic Challenge And The Detection Of Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression

Yuan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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PurposeHepatocellular carcinoma that metastasizes to the sinonasal cavity is very rare. So far, there are limited reports related to this kind of rare condition within the literature. We are committed to concluding the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of these special patients. Materials and methodswe retrospectively analyzed 12 patients suffered from nasal metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma from 2010 to 2021 at Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital(FDUEENT). The clinical characteristics ,pathological morphology and immunohistochemistry, follow-up induration and prognosis analysis of these patients were investigated.ResultsThere were 11 males and 1 female included in our study. And the metastatic sites mainly include nasal cavity, nasopharynx, sphenoid sinus and maxillary sinus. In the light microscope, the tumor cells mainly showed diffuse distribution around obvious blood vessels. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that at least one of the specific epithelial markers (hepatocyte paraffin-1, alpha-fetoprotein, glypican-3, arginase-1) was expressed in tumor cells. And the expression of programmed death ligand-1 was detected in one case which might provide a potent therapeutic target. The available follow-up information of six cases indicated that sinonasal metastases usually arise several years after developing liver cancer. However, their survival time since developing sinonasal metastasis was less than 9 months. ConclusionsIn summary, hepatocellular metastasis to sinonasal cavity remains very rare and the outcome of such patients was dismal. However, the definite early diagnosis coupled with aggressive treatment might play an important role in improving prognosis.

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“…Extrahepatic metastasis is a main reason for the poor prognosis of HCC and the lungs and bone are the main target organs of HCC metastasis (Zhang et al, 2021;Woo et al, 2022). According to the "seed and soil" theory, the metastatic target organ provides a favorable microenvironment for the extravasation, colonization and growth of the circulating tumor cells, including increase of vascular permeability, Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org local inflammation and immunosuppression (de Groot et al, 2017).…”

Section: Formation Of the Pre-metastatic Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma and the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine

Yao

Liang²,

Cheng³

2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually occurs on the basis of chronic liver inflammatory diseases and cirrhosis. The liver microenvironment plays a vital role in the tumor initiation and progression. Exosomes, which are nanometer-sized membrane vesicles are secreted by a number of cell types. Exosomes carry multiple proteins, DNAs and various forms of RNA, and are mediators of cell-cell communication and regulate the tumor microenvironment. In the recent decade, many studies have demonstrated that exosomes are involved in the communication between HCC cells and the stromal cells, including endothelial cells, macrophages, hepatic stellate cells and the immune cells, and serve as a regulator in the tumor proliferation and metastasis, immune evasion and immunotherapy. In addition, exosomes can also be used for the diagnosis and treatment HCC. They can potentially serve as specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and drug delivery vehicles of HCC. Chinese herbal medicine, which is widely used in the prevention and treatment of HCC in China, may regulate the release of exosomes and exosomes-mediated intercellular communication. In this review, we summarized the latest progresses on the role of the exosomes in the initiation, progression and treatment of HCC and the potential value of Traditional Chinese medicine in exosomes-mediated biological behaviors of HCC.

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Lung and lymph node metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of pathological aspects

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment Response in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment Response in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma To The Nasal Cavity And Sinus: A Potential Diagnostic Challenge And The Detection Of Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression

Role of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma and the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine

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