Lung cancer incidence attributable to residential radon exposure in Alberta in 2012

Grundy, Anne; Brand, Kevin; Khandwala, Farah; Poirier, Abbey E.; Tamminen, Sierra; Friedenreich, Christine M.; Brenner, Darren R.

doi:10.9778/cmajo.20160053

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to current estimates by the US Environment protection agency (EPA), each year approximately 21,000 lung cancer deaths in the United States are associated with radon exposure [ 4 ]. In 2012, 17% of lung cancer cases in Alberta were found to be attributable to residential radon exposure [ 10 ]. Occupational exposure to high concentrations of radon have also been demonstrated to increase the risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon Levels in Indoor Environments of the University Hospital in Bari-Apulia Region Southern Italy

Vimercati

Fucilli²,

Cavone

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Since 1988, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified radon among the compounds for which there is scientific evidence of carcinogenicity for humans (group 1). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a reference radon level between 100 and 300 Bq/m3 for homes. The objective of this study is to measure the radon concentrations in 401 workplaces, different from the patient rooms, in 28 different buildings of the university hospital in Bari (Apulia region, Southern Italy) to evaluate the exposure of health care workers. Radon environmental sampling is performed over two consecutive six-month periods via the use of passive dosimeters of the CR-39 type. We find an average annual radon concentration expressed as median value of 48.0 Bq/m3 (range 6.5–388.0 Bq/m3) with a significant difference between the two six-month periods (median value: February/July 41.0 Bq/m3 vs. August/January 55.0 Bq/m3). An average concentration of radon lower than the WHO reference level (100 Bq/m3) is detected in 76.1% of monitored environments, while higher than 300 Bq/m3 only in the 0.9%. Most workplaces report radon concentrations within the WHO reference level, therefore, the risk to workers’ health deriving from occupational exposure to radon can be considered to be low. Nevertheless, the goal is to achieve near-zero exposures to protect workers’ health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon Levels in Indoor Environments of the University Hospital in Bari-Apulia Region Southern Italy

Vimercati

Fucilli²,

Cavone

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…A study conducted in Alberta in 2011 estimated the population’s attributable risk of lung cancer due to radon exposure: it was higher among those who had never smoked than among ever-smokers. However, since only approximately 10% of lung cancer cases occur in nonsmokers, the estimated total number of excess cases was higher for ever smokers than for never smokers [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of the Lung Cancer Cases Attributable to Radon in Municipalities of Two Apulia Provinces (Italy) and Assessment of Main Exposure Determinants

Ferri

Intranuovo

Cavone

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Indoor radon exposure is responsible for increased incidence of lung cancer in communities. Building construction characteristics, materials, and environmental determinants are associated with increased radon concentration at specific sites. In this study, routine data related to radon measurements available from the Apulia (Italy) Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA) were combined with building and ground characteristics data. An algorithm was created based on the experience of miners and it was able to produce estimates of lung cancer cases attributable to radon in different municipalities with the combined data. In the province of Lecce, the sites with a higher risk of lung cancer are Campi Salentina and Minervino, with 1.18 WLM (working level months) and 1.38 WLM, respectively, corresponding to lung cancer incidence rates of 3.34 and 3.89 per 10 × 103 inhabitants. The sites in the province of Bari with higher risks of lung cancer are Gravina di Puglia and Locorotondo, measuring 1.89 WLM and 1.22 WLM, respectively, which correspond to an incidence rate of lung cancer of 5.36 and 3.44 per 10 × 103 inhabitants. The main determinants of radon exposure are whether the buildings were built between 1999 and 2001, were one-room buildings with porous masonry, and were built on soil consisting of pelvis, clayey sand, gravel and conglomerates, calcarenites, and permeable lithotypes.

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“…We give comparisons between the UK and Alberta populations at the exposure-specific level in our previous articles. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In Australia, about 32% of cancers in 2010 were estimated to be attributable to 13 modifiable factors. 29 This estimate is lower than both our estimate for Alberta and the UK estimate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 As some factors were considered protective for cancer and others were cancer risk factors, Table 1 summarizes what we consider to be the theoretical minimum risk level of exposure for each lifestyle and environmental factor based on our research (unpublished data). [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] We estimated the total number of cancer cases attributable to the 24 risk factors by summing the number of cases of cancer at individual sites attributable to each individual exposure. Additional methods for the exposures included in this summary paper but not presented in separate exposure-specific papers are presented in Appendix 1, available at www.cmajopen.ca/ content/5/3/E540/suppl/DC1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in Alberta in 2012: summary of results

et al. 2017

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T his paper is the last in a series of manuscripts estimating the proportion of cancer cases attributable to modifiable lifestyle and environmental risk factors in the general population of Alberta in 2012. The methodologic framework for this series has been previously described, 1 and detailed exposure-specific results are given in individual articles in this journal. 2-11A total of 16 330 new cancer cases were diagnosed and 5817 cancer deaths occurred in Alberta in 2012. Cancer was the second-leading cause of death in the province in 2012, accounting for 27% of all deaths. 12Population attributable risk is used to estimate the proportion of cases of a disease that can be attributed to an individual risk factor, and when multiple population attributable risk estimates are considered together, they can provide an estimate of the total disease burden attributable to a group of risk factors. In the cancer context, data on population attributable risk can inform cancer-prevention activities by identifying exposures that have the largest impact on disease incidence as well as estimating the proportion of cases that can be attributed to groups of known risk factors. Previously, Parkin and colleagues 13-27 estimated individual population attributable risks for several modifiable lifestyle and environmental cancer risk factors in the United Kingdom and estimated that, overall, 42.7% of cancer cases diagnosed in the UK in 2010 were Background: Estimates of the proportion of cancer cases that can be attributed to modifiable risk factors are not available for Canada and, more specifically, Alberta. The purpose of this study was to estimate the total proportion of cancer cases in Alberta in 2012 that could be attributed to a set of 24 modifiable lifestyle and environmental risk factors.

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Lung cancer incidence attributable to residential radon exposure in Alberta in 2012

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Radon Levels in Indoor Environments of the University Hospital in Bari-Apulia Region Southern Italy

Radon Levels in Indoor Environments of the University Hospital in Bari-Apulia Region Southern Italy

Estimates of the Lung Cancer Cases Attributable to Radon in Municipalities of Two Apulia Provinces (Italy) and Assessment of Main Exposure Determinants

Cancer incidence attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in Alberta in 2012: summary of results

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