Lung deposition, lung clearance and renal accumulation of inhaled cadmium chloride and cadmium sulphide in rats

Hj, Klimisch

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(93)90111-5

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Previous studies with laboratory animals showed that insoluble Cd compounds are very rapidly eliminated via the feces with very little bioaccumulation, while soluble compounds caused lung damage and accumulation of Cd in liver and kidneys (8,30). The bioavailability of soluble Cd compounds, such as the Cd-salt used in this study, is therefore substantially higher than that of insoluble Cd compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Bioavailability of Soil-Adsorbed Cadmium in Orally Exposed Male Rats

Schilderman¹,

Moonen²,

Kempkers³

et al. 1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Bioavailability of Soil-Adsorbed Cadmium in Orally Exposed Male Rats

Schilderman¹,

Moonen²,

Kempkers³

et al. 1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…46 However, the possibility of photodegradation of a proportion of the ZnCdS to soluble forms-such as ZnCdSO 4 -cannot be ruled out. Assuming renal accumulation of 35% of Cd cleared by the lungs, and lung clearance of 56% of inhaled Cd, 46 a 10 µg inhaled dose could result in an additional renal burden of about 2 µg Cd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk to the United Kingdom population of zinc cadmium sulfide dispersion by the Ministry of Defence during the “cold war”

Elliott

Phillips²,

Clayton³

et al. 2002

Occup Environ Med

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Objectives: To estimate exposures to cadmium (Cd) received by the United Kingdom population as a result of the dispersion of zinc Cd sulfide (ZnCdS) by the Ministry of Defence between 1953 and 1964, as a simulator of biological warfare agents. Methods: A retrospective risk assessment study was carried out on the United Kingdom population during the period 1953-64. This determined land and air dispersion of ZnCdS over most of the United Kingdom, inhalation exposure of the United Kingdom population, soil contamination, and risks to personnel operating equipment that dispersed ZnCdS. Results: About 4600 kg ZnCdS were dispersed from aircraft and ships, at times when the prevailing winds would allow large areas of the country to be covered. Cadmium released from 44 long range trials for which data are available, and extrapolated to a total of 76 trials to allow for trials with incomplete information, is about 1.2% of the estimated total release of Cd into the atmosphere over the same period. "Worst case" estimates are 10 µg Cd inhaled over 8 years, equivalent to Cd inhaled in an urban environment in 12-100 days, or from smoking 100 cigarettes. A further 250 kg ZnCdS was dispersed from the land based sites, but significant soil contamination occurred only in limited areas, which were and have remained uninhabited. Of the four personnel involved in the dispersion procedures (who were probably exposed to much higher concentrations of Cd than people on the ground), none are suspected of having related illnesses. Conclusion: Exposure to Cd from dissemination of ZnCdS during the "cold war" should not have resulted in adverse health effects in the United Kingdom population.

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“…For cadmium oxide, the fraction is between 50 % (fume) and 30 % (dust) in animal experiments and between 25 % and 50 % (fume) and between 10 % and 30 % (dust) in human model calculations (European Commission 2003). Bioavailability after inhalation was demonstrated for cadmium sulfide as well (Klimisch 1993).…”

Section: Inhalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium and its inorganic compounds [MAK Value Documentation, 2006]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Published in the series MAK Value Documentations , Vol. 22 (2006) The article contains sections titled: Toxic Effects and Mode of Action Mechanism of Action Toxicokinetics and Metabolism Absorption, distribution, elimination Metabolism Effects in Humans Single exposures Repeated exposures Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Reproductive toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Animal experiments and in vitro studies Acute toxicity Subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Reproductive toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Manifesto (MAK value/classification)

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Lung deposition, lung clearance and renal accumulation of inhaled cadmium chloride and cadmium sulphide in rats

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Bioavailability of Soil-Adsorbed Cadmium in Orally Exposed Male Rats

Bioavailability of Soil-Adsorbed Cadmium in Orally Exposed Male Rats

The risk to the United Kingdom population of zinc cadmium sulfide dispersion by the Ministry of Defence during the “cold war”

Cadmium and its inorganic compounds [MAK Value Documentation, 2006]

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