Lung Microbiome as a Treatable Trait in Chronic Respiratory Disorders

Scialò, Filippo; Vitale, Maria; D’Agnano, Vito; Mariniello, Domenica Francesca; Perrotta, Fabio; Castaldo, Alice; Campbell, Susan F. M.; Pastore, Lucio; Cazzola, Mario; Bianco, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s00408-023-00645-3

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 111 publications

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“…Although until very recently lungs were considered sterile, it is now well known that lungs and all the respiratory tract, included nose, oral, upper and lower airways, are colonized by own microbiota, consisting in bacteria, fungi and virus, that modulates both the physiologic functions and the immune surveillance [ 11 ]. The pulmonary microbiota is different from gut microbiota, but it is similar in all the respiratory tract and the main bacteria present in healthy adult lungs consists in Firmicutes [ 12 ]. Recent evidence highlights the importance of microbiota in the balanced and effective immune responses against external insults [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyndallized bacteria prime bronchial epithelial cells to mount an effective innate immune response against infections

Di Vincenzo,

Di Sano,

D’Anna

et al. 2024

Human Cell

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Airway epithelium represents a physical barrier against toxic substances and pathogens but also presents pattern recognition receptors on the epithelial cells that detect pathogens leading to molecule release and sending signals that activate both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, impaired airway epithelial function and poor integrity may increase the recurrence of infections. Probiotic use in respiratory diseases as adjuvant of traditional therapy is increasingly widespread. There is growing interest in the use of non-viable heat-killed bacteria, such as tyndallized bacteria (TB), due to safety concerns and to their immunomodulatory properties. This study explores in vitro the effects of a TB blend on the immune activation of airway epithelium. 16HBE bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of TB. Cell viability, TB internalization, TLR2 expression, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-βl expression/release, E-cadherin expression and wound healing were assessed. We found that TB were tolerated, internalized, increased TLR2, E-cadherin expression, IL-6 release and wound healing but decreased both IL-8 and TGF-βl release. In conclusion, TB activate TLR2 pathway without inducing a relevant pro-inflammatory response and improve barrier function, leading to the concept that TB preserve epithelial homeostasis and could be used as strategy to prevent and to manage respiratory infection, exacerbations included.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%