Luteinizing Hormone Involvement in Aging Female Cognition: Not All Is Estrogen Loss

Bhatta, Sabina; Blair, John D.; Casadesús, Gemma

doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00544

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Misiak and coworkers 135 have postulated a role for androgens in psychosis. Luteinizing hormone 136 alone, or in relation to FSH, 137 has also come under scrutiny, especially in regard to the cognitive symptoms of menopause. Also, the high prolactin levels induced by antipsychotics have been suspected of further impairing cognition at the time of menopause, 138 perhaps especially so when the antipsychotic used, risperidone for instance, is metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme.…”

Section: Other Hormones Potentially Relevant To Postpartum Disorders mentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between hormones and antipsychotic use: a focus on postpartum and menopausal women

González-Rodríguez

Seeman

2019

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

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During the postpartum and menopausal periods of women’s lives, there is a well-established and significant drop of circulating estrogens. This may be the reason why both these periods are associated with an increased risk for onset or exacerbation of psychiatric disorders. Whether symptoms are mainly affective or mainly psychotic, these disorders are frequently treated with antipsychotic medications, which calls for an examination of the relationship between hormone replacement and antipsychotic agents at these time periods. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize what is known about the association of hormones and antipsychotics in the postnatal period and at menopause. In the review, we focus on estrogen and oxytocin hormones and include, for the most part, only papers published within the last 10 years. Both estradiol and oxytocin have at various times been implicated in the etiology of postpartum disorders, and estrogens, sometimes combined with progesterone, have been tested as potential treatments for these conditions. The role of estradiol as an adjunct to antipsychotics in the prevention of postpartum relapses is currently controversial. With respect to oxytocin, studies are lacking. Psychosis in menopausal and postmenopausal women has been successfully treated with estrogens and selective estrogen-receptor modulators, mainly raloxifene, in addition to antipsychotics. Some symptoms appear to respond better than others. No oxytocin study has specifically targeted postmenopausal women. Because of feedback mechanisms, there is a theoretical danger of therapy with exogenous hormones interfering with endogenous secretion and disturbing the balance among inter-related hormones. When used with antipsychotics, hormones may also affect the metabolism and, hence, the brain level of specific antipsychotics. This makes treatment with antipsychotics plus hormones complicated. Dose, timing and route of intervention may all prove critical to efficacy. While much remains unknown, this literature review indicates that, within standard dose ranges, the combination of hormones and antipsychotics for postnatal and menopausal women suffering severe mental distress can be beneficial, and is safe.

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Section: Other Hormones Potentially Relevant To Postpartum Disorders mentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between hormones and antipsychotic use: a focus on postpartum and menopausal women

González-Rodríguez

Seeman

2019

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

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“…The presence of LH/chorionic gonadotropin receptors was revealed in the adrenal cortex [9][10][11] and the peripheral and central nervous system [12][13][14]. It was suggested that the high levels of LH that occur in advanced age could be involved in the impairment of the cognitive functions in elderly human subjects and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease [15][16][17][18]. The FSH receptors were identified in osteoclasts and chondrocytes [19], and FSH was shown to stimulate the osteoclast differentiation [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotropins and steroid hormones in older people: their mutual connections and relations to body mass indices

Łódź

Kostka

Pisarek

et al. 2019

Endokrynologia Polska

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Introduction: Aging in mammals, including man, is accompanied by deep changes in hormone secretion. In the majority of cases, hormone secretion (mostly of gonadal steroids and adrenocortical hormone dehydroepiandrosterone-DHEA) undergoes pronounced decrease. This decrease is thought to contribute to the progression of aging. In contrast, the secretion of gonadotropins is sharply increased in older adults, as a result of gonadal deficiency. Recent data indicate that gonadotropin excess may also, by itself, influence the aging process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mutual relation between steroid hormones and gonadotropins and their effect on body mass indices in older people. Material and methods: In a group of 100 patients (61 women and 39 men) aged over 75 years, blood serum concentrations of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), oestradiol (E2), testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAs), and cortisol were measured. All the patients were measured for the following: body weight (kg), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2), and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR). The differences of the numerical data were evaluated by Student's t-test and the correlations between them by means of Pearson's test. Results and conclusions: The most interesting finding of this study was to show that FSH and LH are negatively correlated with body mass and indices such as BMI and WtHR in older women. Because in older women the mediation of ovary is unlikely, we conclude that gonadotropins may influence the body mass by their direct extra-gonadal action.

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“…By means of immunohistochemistry it was localised in neuronal cell bodies as well as in nerve fibres [29]. The inverse relationship between peripheral LH and brain LH exerted via short feedback loop is also hypothesised [30]. The finding of LH/CR receptors and LH in the nervous system is fundamental to the explanation of the involvement of enhanced LH secretion in brain aging (see below).…”

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked with aging and is prevalent in the female sex. Recent studies indicate that gonadotropins -mainly LH -play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD [30][31][32]. The impairment of cognitive function scores is also observed in non-demented old women in dependence on high LH levels REVIEW 1b, and tumour necrosis factor-a [49].…”

Section: The Role Of Gonadotropins In Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Choroba Alzheimera (AD, Alzheimer's disease) jest związana ze starzeniem i występuje częściej u płci żeńskiej. Najświeższe badania wskazują, że gonadotropiny -a zwłaszcza LH -odgrywają zasadniczą rolę w patogenezie AD [29,30]. Upośledzenie funkcji kognitywnych obserwuje się także u niecierpiących na demencję starszych kobiet w powiazaniu z wysokimi stężeniami LH [31].…”

Section: Rola Gonadotropin W Starzeniu Się Mózgu I Chorobie Alzheimeraunclassified

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Direct actions of gonadotropins beyond the reproductive system and their role in human aging and neoplasia [Bezpośrednie działanie gonadotropin poza układem rozrodczym i ich rola w starzeniu się i nowotworzeniu u człowieka]

Pawlikowski

2019

Endokrynologia Polska

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Pituitary hormones folitropin (follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH) and lutropin (luteinising hormone, LH) are known as the key regulators of human reproduction. However, their receptors have been identified also in several organs and tissues beyond the reproductive system, and there is cumulating evidence of their direct extra-gonadal actions. The expression of LH receptors (LHR) was found in the brain and adrenal cortex. FSH receptors (FSHR) were found to be expressed in osteoclasts, monocytes, adipocytes, and peri-and intra-tumoural blood vessel endothelia of malignant tumours. Other localisations of FSHR and LHR are also suggested by immunohistochemistry, but these findings need confirmation using molecular biology techniques. Because the high levels of gonadotropins are a constant phenomenon during human aging, especially in postmenopausal women, it is hypothesised that the direct actions of FSH and LH are involved in the pathogenesis of age-related disorders. The proposal of therapy based on the inhibition of gonadotropin hypersecretion is also discussed.

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Luteinizing Hormone Involvement in Aging Female Cognition: Not All Is Estrogen Loss

Cited by 30 publications

References 122 publications

The association between hormones and antipsychotic use: a focus on postpartum and menopausal women

The association between hormones and antipsychotic use: a focus on postpartum and menopausal women

Gonadotropins and steroid hormones in older people: their mutual connections and relations to body mass indices

Direct actions of gonadotropins beyond the reproductive system and their role in human aging and neoplasia [Bezpośrednie działanie gonadotropin poza układem rozrodczym i ich rola w starzeniu się i nowotworzeniu u człowieka]

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