Lycopene: a therapeutic strategy against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID- 19)

Abstract

Lycopene is a group of phytochemicals found in nature, primarily in fruits and vegetables. Lycopene is thought to protect against a variety of diseases attributed to its antioxidant capabilities. Lycopene has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunity-boosting qualities, among other biological and pharmacological benefits. COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has recently emerged as one of the world's leading causes of death. Patients may be asymptomatic or show signs of respiratory, cytokine release syndrome, gastrointestinal, or even multiple organ failure, all of which can lead to death. In COVID-19, inflammation, and cytokine storm are the key pathogenic mechanisms, according to SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms. ARDS develops in some vulnerable hosts, which is accompanied by an inflammatory "cytokine syndrome" that causes lung damage. Immunological and inflammatory markers were linked to disease severity in mild and severe COVID-19 cases, implying that inflammatory markers, including IL-6, CRP, ESR, and PCT were significantly linked with COVID-19 severity. Patients with severe illness have reduced levels of several immune subsets, including CD4 + T, NK, and CD8 + cells. As a result, lycopene can be commended for bolstering physiological defenses against COVID-19 infections

An Inhaled Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Acute Lung Injury via the MAPK/AKT/NLRP3 Pathway

“…However, studies have shown that NETs can facilitate the production of proin ammatory cytokines and be further increased by these cytokines, producing an uncontrollable, hyperin ammatory loop [46]. In addition, in ammatory cytokines reportedly interact with NETs in the context of ARDS [47]. In addition to ARDS, a NET-cytokine loop is present in various diseases, such as COVID-19, atherosclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [2,48,49].…”

Effect of Supplemental Antioxidant-Based Therapy on the Oxidative Stress Level in COVID-19 Patients

“…Lycopene as part of the studied substances in the product of interest, also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Khongthaw et al [41] presented that lycopene reduced intestinal damage and immunoglobulin A depletion, as well inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in severe COVID-19 patients leading to reduced inflammation. Considering the scientific data regarding the above-mentioned components and their long history of use as functional foods, sharing similar mechanisms for exerting their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, we believe that a potential synergism exists between the components of the product in this study.…”

Targeting Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 by Novel Benzothiazole Derivatives: Treatment of Acute Lung Injury through the Necroptosis Pathway

“…Recent studies have shown that corticosteroids can reduce the mortality of ALI/ARDS in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but severe side effects cannot be avoided . The therapies, such as antioxidants, ketoconazole, and exogenous surfactants, exhibited promising clinical outcomes in animal models, whereas they have not realized clinical transformation. − Recently, some novel therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cells, targeting inflammatory storms by novel proteins, have attracted attention to reduce lung injury. , Thus, further treatments involving novel mechanisms to improve the overall survival rate are required.…”