Lymph Node Involvement in Oesophageal Carcinoma: A Single-Centre Observational Study From Western India

Abstract

IntroductionLymph node involvement is the most important predictor of prognosis in oesophageal cancer. The present study describes our single-centre experience of lymphadenopathy in oesophageal carcinoma cases at a tertiary care centre in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state in western India. MethodsThis descriptive study included 31 patients who were operated for oesophageal carcinoma at the State Cancer Hospital in Marathwada from August 2015 to September 2017. Thirty patients underwent three-field lymph node dissections, and one patient underwent Ivor Lewis surgery with two-field lymph node dissections. Three-field lymph node dissections were through a thoracotomy, followed by laparotomy and left cervical incision. The lymphatic metastases were categorised as (a) adjacent node metastases, (b) multiple levels of lymph node metastases, and (c) skip node metastases. The histopathological assessment of the removed specimen and lymph nodes was done. Pathologists evaluated the character and depth of the primary tumour and its invasion and node involvement. The location and numbers of positive and negative nodes were recorded. ResultsA total of 31 patients were included in the study, of which 17 had lymph node involvement. A total of 946 lymph nodes were dissected and examined, and the average number of lymph nodes removed per patient was 30.51. Among the 28 squamous cell carcinoma cases, lymph node involvement was found in 14 cases (50%) whereas, in adenocarcinoma, all the three cases showed lymph node involvement. In 11 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, thoracic lymph nodes were involved, whereas abdominal lymph nodes were involved in nine and cervical lymph nodes in two cases. Thoracic lymph nodes were involved in two cases of adenocarcinoma and abdominal lymph nodes were involved in one case of adenocarcinoma. ConclusionsSquamous cell carcinoma was the predominant type, and lymph node metastasis was observed in 50% of these cases. Thoracic lymph nodes were more commonly involved. Tumour staging T2 and T3 had an increasing percentage of lymph nodes involved. Lymph node involvement was more in moderately differentiated and undifferentiated oesophageal cancers.

Alantolactone inhibits oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells through nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2‐mediated reactive oxygen species increment

“…However, adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological subtype in Europe and United States. 3,4 Multimodality neoadjuvant therapy for oesophageal cancer is increasingly applied worldwide, since it has shown a survival benefit over surgery alone. 5 Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for oesophageal adenocarcinoma has been widely used to treat patients with locally advanced and/or lymph node positive tumours.…”

“…Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histological type worldwide. However, adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological subtype in Europe and United States 3,4 . Multimodality neoadjuvant therapy for oesophageal cancer is increasingly applied worldwide, since it has shown a survival benefit over surgery alone 5 .…”

Development and validation of nodal staging score in pN0 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A population study from the SEER database and a single‐institution cohort

“…The LNM rate of ESCC was 42.2–51.2% 5 , 14 , 17 , 29 according to previous studies. We proposed a model with excellent interpretability based on a beta‐binomial distribution.…”

“…Previous studies have indicated that T stage, histopathology, differentiation grade, tumor size, and neoadjuvant therapy are the main factors affecting LNM in EC. 7 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 T stage was the most crucial factor for LNM in ESCC 19 : the deeper the tumor invasion, the easier it is for the tumor cells to enter the lymphatic vessels. Consequently, LNM rates have significantly improved.…”

Postoperative Survival Effect of Examined Lymph Node Count in Node-Negative Esophageal Carcinoma

“…On this standard, we reviewed the distribution of examined LNs count (the median was 20) and inferred more than 50% of patients from our data had received a limited lymphadenectomy. The nodal disease rate of ESCC was 42.2-51.2% in previous researches [11,[17][18][19] . Our apparent prevalence of the nodal disease is 53.7%, and the corrected prevalence is 61.2% after accounting for missing potential positive cases.…”