M. Biceps Femoris Long Head Architecture and Sprint Ability in Youth Soccer Players

Ritsche, Paul; Bernhard, Thomas; Roth, Ralf; Lichtenstein, Eric; Keller, Martin B.; Zingg, Sabrina; Franchi, Martino V.; Faude, Oliver

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2020-0726

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The average values of Lf, PA and MT (9.2 ± 1.3 cm, 11.0 ± 2.3 °and 1.9 ± 0.3 cm) measured across all study participants appear plausible when compared with values from panoramic ultrasound studies, which investigated youth athletes from a different sport (Lacome et al, 2019;Ritsche et al, 2021). Interestingly, when comparing these values with those of adult elite competitive alpine skiers (Lf = 8.1 ± 1.4 cm, PA = 14.9 ± 4.1 °and MT = 2.1 ± 0.3 cm) reported in a previous publication from our lab (Franchi et al, 2020b), it seems that youth skiers have on average longer Lf and smaller values of PA and MT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Biceps femoris long head morphology in youth competitive alpine skiers is associated with age, biological maturation and traumatic lower extremity injuries

et al. 2022

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Lower extremity injuries are common in competitive alpine skiers, and the knee and lower leg are often affected. The hamstring muscles, especially the biceps femoris long head (BFlh), can stabilize the knee and the hip and may counteract various adverse loading patterns during typical mechanisms leading to severe lower extremity injuries. The aim of the present study was to describe BFlh morphology in youth competitive alpine skiers in relation to sex, age and biological maturation and to investigate its association with the occurrence of traumatic lower extremity injuries in the upcoming season. 95 youth skiers underwent anthropometric measurements, maturity offset estimations and ultrasound assessment, followed by 12-months prospective injury surveillance. Unpaired t tests showed that the two sexes did not differ in BFlh morphology, including fascicle length (Lf), pennation angle (PA), muscle thickness (MT) and average anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA avg ). In contrast, U16 skiers had longer fascicles than U15 skiers (9.5 ± 1.3 cm vs 8.9 ± 1.3 cm, p < 0.05). Linear regression analyses revealed that maturity offset was associated with Lf (R 2 = 0.129, p < 0.001), MT (R 2 = 0.244, p < 0.001) and ACSA avg (R 2 = 0.065, p = 0.007). No association was found between maturity offset and PA (p = 0.524). According to a binary logistic regression analysis, ACSA avg was significantly associated with the occurrence of traumatic lower extremity injuries (Chi-square = 4.627, p = 0.031, R Nagelkerke 2 = 0.064, Cohen f = 0.07). The present study showed that BFlh morphology is age-and biological maturation-dependent and that BFlh ACSA avg can be considered a relevant modifiable variable associated with lower extremity injuries in youth competitive alpine skiers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Biceps femoris long head morphology in youth competitive alpine skiers is associated with age, biological maturation and traumatic lower extremity injuries

et al. 2022

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“…As muscle volume is one of the main determinants of muscle power, muscle joint torque production and isokinetic strength are strongly dependent on muscle CSA in different muscle groups (44,45). In sports scenarios, BFlh CSA (obtained by US) has been shown to be associated with 30-m sprint time in young elite football players (46). It follows that a reduction in HS CSA can affect whole muscle function (e.g., maximal/explosive force production) as a result of this loss of contractile material, which goes hand in hand with the decrease in neural recruitment speed and tendon mechanical properties induced by BR (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Changes of Hamstrings Morphology and Contractile Properties during 10 d of Complete Inactivity

Franchi

Sarto

Simunič

et al. 2022

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose: The hamstrings (HS) muscle group plays a fundamental role in maintaining knee stability, thus contributing to the prevention and rehabilitation of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries. However, little is known about HS structural and functional adaptations after periods of prolonged inactivity. Our purpose was to investigate the HS morphological and contractile properties changes during 10 d of bed rest (BR). Methods: Ten young healthy males underwent a 10-d BR. HS cross-sectional area (CSA) (at 30%, 50%, and 70% of femur length) and biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture were assessed by ultrasound imaging after 0 d (BR0), 2 d (BR2), 4 d (BR4), 6 d (BR6), and 10 d (BR10) of BR, whereas BFlh contractile properties (radial twitch displacement [Dm] and contraction time [Tc]) were evaluated at the same time points by tensiomyography. HS muscle volume was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging at BR0 and BR10. Results: A reduction in muscle volume was observed in BFlh (P = 0.002; Δ = −3.53%), biceps femoris short head (P = 0.002; Δ = −3.54%), semitendinosus (P = 0.002; Δ = −2.63%), semimembranosus (P = 0.002; Δ = −2.01%), and HS pooled together (P < 0.001; Δ = −2.78%). Early changes in CSA were detected at 30% femur length already at BR6 for BFlh (P = 0.009; Δ = −2.66%) and biceps femoris short head (P = 0.049; Δ = −1.96%). We also found a reduction in fascicle length at BR6 (P = 0.035; Δ = −2.44%) and BR10 (P < 0.001; Δ = −2.84%). Dm and Tc increased at BR2 (P = 0.010; Δ = 30.0%) and B10 (P = 0.019; Δ = 19.7%), respectively. Conclusions: Despite being a nonpostural muscle group, HS exhibited a moderate reduction in muscle dimensions in response to a short unloading period. Small changes in BFlh fascicle length were also observed, accompanied by alterations in BFLh contractile properties. These HS modifications should not be ignored from a clinical perspective.

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“…T he anatomical cross-sectional area of a muscle (ACSA) represents a two-dimensional index of muscle size acquired in the transversal plane (1). Muscle ACSA is important for clinical and scientific practice; it is related to the capacity of a muscle to generate force and, as a consequence, to locomotor performance (2,3). Recent investigations have shown that muscle ACSA represents a useful parameter in the diagnosis and classification of several muscular disorders as well as the potential monitoring of disease progression (4)(5)(6)(7).…”

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confidence: 99%

DeepACSA: Automatic Segmentation of Cross-Sectional Area in Ultrasound Images of Lower Limb Muscles Using Deep Learning

Ritsche

Wirth²,

Cronin

et al. 2022

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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PurposeMuscle anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) can be assessed using ultrasound and images are usually evaluated manually. Here, we present DeepACSA, a deep learning approach to automatically segment ACSA in panoramic ultrasound images of the human rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and lateralis (GL) muscles.MethodsWe trained three muscle-specific convolutional neural networks (CNN) using 1772 ultrasound images from 153 participants (age = 38.2 yr, range = 13–78). Images were acquired in 10% increments from 30% to 70% of femur length for RF and VL and at 30% and 50% of muscle length for GM and GL. During training, CNN performance was evaluated using intersection-over-union scores. We compared the performance of DeepACSA to manual analysis and a semiautomated algorithm using an unseen test set.ResultsComparing DeepACSA analysis of the RF to manual analysis with erroneous predictions removed (3.3%) resulted in intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.989 (95% confidence interval = 0.983–0.992), mean difference of 0.20 cm2 (0.10–0.30), and SEM of 0.33 cm2 (0.26–0.41). For the VL, ICC was 0.97 (0.96–0.968), mean difference was 0.85 cm2 (−0.4 to 1.31), and SEM was 0.92 cm2 (0.73–1.09) after removal of erroneous predictions (7.7%). After removal of erroneous predictions (12.3%), GM/GL muscles demonstrated an ICC of 0.98 (0.96–0.99), a mean difference of 0.43 cm2 (0.21–0.65), and an SEM of 0.41 cm2 (0.29–0.51). Analysis duration was 4.0 ± 0.43 s (mean ± SD) for analysis of one image in our test set using DeepACSA.ConclusionsDeepACSA provides fast and objective segmentation of lower limb panoramic ultrasound images comparable with manual segmentation. Inaccurate model predictions occurred predominantly on low-quality images, highlighting the importance of high-quality image for accurate prediction.

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M. Biceps Femoris Long Head Architecture and Sprint Ability in Youth Soccer Players

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Biceps femoris long head morphology in youth competitive alpine skiers is associated with age, biological maturation and traumatic lower extremity injuries

Biceps femoris long head morphology in youth competitive alpine skiers is associated with age, biological maturation and traumatic lower extremity injuries

Early Changes of Hamstrings Morphology and Contractile Properties during 10 d of Complete Inactivity

DeepACSA: Automatic Segmentation of Cross-Sectional Area in Ultrasound Images of Lower Limb Muscles Using Deep Learning

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