M Class Synchrophasor Compliance for Real-time Monitoring of Smart Power Systems

Kaliappan, P.; Selvan, M. P.

doi:10.1007/s40031-021-00596-4

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The objective of this project was focusing on the real-time observation of the operating grid. India has five regions with power grids serving the corresponding regional grids, namely the northern, eastern, southern, western, and north-east regions [8,9]. All the regional grids were operating individually until the 1990s, but with the time changes, the interconnection between the grids was formed to make a central grid operating at a single frequency.…”

Section: Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result is that the entity is zero if there is no interconnection of tie-line between a bus from area-1 and another bus from area-2; otherwise, entities will be one. The reliability constraints are formulated as shown in equation (7)(8)(9)(10). The power flow constraints result in the optimum solution for load interruption during load flow analysis [30].…”

Section: A C C E P T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tie-line modelling in interconnected synchrophasor network for monitoring grid observability, cyber intrusion and reliability

Yadav

Mahajan

2022

Eng. rev. (Online)

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The incorporation of a tie-line between two areas may be beneficial in two ways. First, the reserve capacity of the assisting area support to the assisted area, and second, the number of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) requirements will become smaller for complete observability of the interconnected grid. The objective function is formulated to integrate the observability and reliability analysis for the two interconnected synchrophasor networks. The effect of Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) is included in the observability constraints to reduce the number of PMUs deployed in the system. The number of optimal PMU deployments will be greater for two interconnected systems in comparison with a single area. Therefore, interconnected systems become more vulnerable to cyber risk. The paper discusses the cumulative analysis of system observability and reliability during an anomaly situation that occurs with a PMU device due to a cyber-attack. The reliability indices Interconnected System Load Interruption Probability (ISLIP) and Interconnected System Demand Not Supplied (ISDNS) are evaluated when an anomaly occurs with optimally deployed PMU in the network by including and excluding the effect of ZIB. By doing so, the most reliable location for PMU deployment can be obtained for both the area. Reliability Test System (RTS)-24 bus is used for each area to modify the test system by incorporating tie-lines between them.

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Section: Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%