MA-AODV: Mobility Aware Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A Modification of DYMO Routing Protocol with Knowledge of Nodes’ Position: Proposal and Evaluation

“…For instance, authors in [7] propose that only nodes in the forwarding region forward RREQs, so that the overhead is reduced. A similar approach is followed in [8], but forwarding nodes are selected according to nodes' mobility information. To the best of our knowledge, the methodology described here, which has been proposed for flooding approaches [4], has never been applied to the route discovery process of AODV or DYMO protocols.…”

Mobility Adaptive Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol in MANET

“…Mobility is one of the key characteristics of MANETs [7] that introduce some limitations if not considered well. The Mobility Adaptive Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing (MAD-AODV) protocol was proposed for improving the performance of the AODV protocol.…”

“…In MANET's [6,7], mobility is a crucial factor and it plays an important role in determining the overall performance of the network this is because the high mobility of nodes can cause frequent changes in network topology, leading to less reliable routes and frequent link breakages, hence, increasing the re-initiation of the route discovery process, resulting in more control packets overhead due to the extra use of RREQ, RREP, and RERR, and increasing the average end-to-end delay.…”

A Review of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-Hoc NETworks (MANET)

“…The mobility of nodes is also a major factor within MANETs due to limited wireless transmission range; this can cause the network topology to change unpredictably as nodes enter and leave the network [5]. Node mobility can cause broken routing links which force nodes to recalculate their routing information; this consumes processing time, memory, device power and generates traffic backlogs and additional overhead traffic on the network [6].…”

“…Performing routing tasks requires memory and computation power, however mobile devices feature physical size and weight limitations essential for their mobility, this Manuscript received September 6, 2012; revised December 12, 2012. This work was supported by the University of DerbyThe authors are with the University of Derby, Derbyshire, DE22 1GB, UK (e-mail: A.Hinds1@unimail.derby.ac.uk, eppiemike@aol.com, s.y.zhu@derby.ac.uk, h.al-aqrabi@derby.ac.uk ).reduces the available memory and computational resources as well as limiting battery power.MANETs containing more nodes require greater processing power, memory and bandwidth to maintain accurate routing information; this introduces traffic overhead into the network as nodes communicate routing information, this in turn uses more battery power.Wireless technologies use a shared communication medium; this causes interference which degrades network performance when multiple nodes attempt to transmit simultaneously.Techniques such as Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) are used to limit the impact of channel contention upon network performance, DCF uses carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and channel switching to reduce interference [4] however larger MANETs feature more interference.The mobility of nodes is also a major factor within MANETs due to limited wireless transmission range; this can cause the network topology to change unpredictably as nodes enter and leave the network [5]. Node mobility can cause broken routing links which force nodes to recalculate their routing information; this consumes processing time, memory, device power and generates traffic backlogs and additional overhead traffic on the network [6].…”