MAC layer-based evaluation of IoT technologies: LoRa, SigFox and NB-IoT

Mroue, Hussein; Nasser, Abbass; Hamrioui, Sofiane; Parrein, Benoît; Motta-Cruz, Eduardo; Rouyer, Gilles

doi:10.1109/menacomm.2018.8371016

Cited by 73 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Apart from the various analytical models that have been reported [23]- [25], other experimental studies have been conducted to individually evaluate different aspects of LP-WAN including coverage [26], [27], energy consumption [28], capacity [22], [29], [30] and scalability [23], [24], [30]. The main commonality in these and many other existing studies is that they mostly focused on one or two technologies.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Power Wide Area Network Technologies for Internet-of-Things: A Comparative Review

Ikpehai

Adebisi

Rabie

et al. 2019

IEEE Internet Things J.

255

134

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The rapid growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT) in the current decade has led to the development of a multitude of new access technologies targeted at low-power, wide area networks (LP-WANs). However, this has also created another challenge pertaining to technology selection. This paper reviews the performance of LP-WAN technologies for IoT, including design choices and their implications. We consider Sigfox, LoRaWAN, WavIoT, random phase multiple access (RPMA), narrow band IoT (NB-IoT) as well as LTE-M and assess their performance in terms of signal propagation, coverage and energy conservation. The comparative analyses presented in this paper are based on available data sheets and simulation results. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to evaluate network performance in response to variations in system design parameters. Results show that each of RPMA, NB-IoT and LTE-M incurs at least 9 dB additional path loss relative to Sigfox and LoRaWAN. This study further reveals that with a 10% improvement in receiver sensitivity, NB-IoT 882 MHz and LoRaWAN can increase coverage by up to 398% and 142% respectively, without adverse effects on the energy requirements. Finally, extreme weather conditions can significantly reduce the active network life of LP-WANs. In particular, the results indicate that operating an IoT device in a temperature of-20 • C can shorten its life by about half; 53% (WavIoT, LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, RPMA) and 48% in LTE-M compared with environmental temperature of 40 • C.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Power Wide Area Network Technologies for Internet-of-Things: A Comparative Review

Ikpehai

Adebisi

Rabie

et al. 2019

IEEE Internet Things J.

255

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous research provided conflicting results on SigFox's rural range. Mroue et al [43] claim SigFox can achieve a maximum range of 63 km, while Raza et al [3], Poursafar et al [10], Qadir et al [9], and Finnegan and Brown claim it is 50 km. Mekki et al state that SigFox's range is 40 km.…”

Section: A Sigfoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: Design Goals, Architecture, Suitability to Use Cases and Research Challenges

et al. 2020

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Previous survey articles on Low-Powered Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) lack a systematic analysis of the design goals of LPWAN and the design decisions adopted by various commercially available and emerging LPWAN technologies, and no study has analysed how their design decisions impact their ability to meet design goals. Assessing a technology's ability to meet design goals is essential in determining suitable technologies for a given application. To address these gaps, we have analysed six prominent design goals and identified the design decisions used to meet each goal in the eight LPWAN technologies, ranging from technical consideration to business model, and determined which specific technique in a design decision will help meet each goal to the greatest extent. System architecture and specifications are presented for those LPWAN solutions, and their ability to meet each design goal is evaluated. We outline seventeen use cases across twelve domains that require large low power network infrastructure and prioritise each design goal's importance to those applications as Low, Moderate, or High. Using these priorities and each technology's suitability for meeting design goals, we suggest appropriate LPWAN technologies for each use case. Finally, a number of research challenges are presented for current and future technologies. INDEX TERMS Low power wide area network (LPWAN), Internet of Things (IoT), design goals, MAC layer, channel access, long range, scalability, data rate, licensed and unlicensed band, operational lifetime.

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“…Although the above discussed WSN-MAC protocols are providing higher energy efficiency, the standalone application of these protocols is not found suitable for the applications which demand high concurrent access, different quality of service (QoS) for sensor nodes, the existence of BSs to enable network assistance for improving device energy efficiency. This evokes the idea to explore other novel MAC solutions [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] which combines the benefits of MAC protocols with clustering schemes for future WSN applications in IoT scenario.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAC-DL [17] protocol was mainly designed to improve the quality of service and energy efficiency for typical IoT scenario significantly by considering the causes of frame losses for the proper Wireless Sensor Networks in IoT functioning of the backoff algorithm. In [18], the performance of an IEEE 802.15.4 based multi-hop networks was evaluated in terms of channel congestion, reliability, and duty cycling. In [19], functionalities of MAC layer for low-power, low-rate, and, long-distance communication in three different technologies like LoRa, Sigfox, and NB-IoT were explored for smart cities applications.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Energy Efficient Clustering-based Load Adaptive MAC (CLAMAC) Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in IoT

Pandey¹,

Gupta²

2019

IJWMT

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Recent advancement in microelectronics and sensor devices have led to the development of a new family of networks called Internet of things (IoT). One of the challenges of IoT is the integration of autonomous and smart devices with multiple constraints specific to the wireless sensor network (WSN) environment. Among these constraints, the most important constraint is the energy efficiency of medium access control (MAC) protocol. To solve this problem, we propose an improved protocol called clustering based load adaptive MAC (CLA-MAC) for WSNs in IoT scenario, which involves mainly traffic load balancing within each cluster to provide a tuneable trade-off between energy consumption, delay, and throughput. The proposed solution makes the MAC protocol more energy efficient by reducing competition between sensor nodes with the adoption of clustering scheme and traffic distribution, which can significantly reduce the probability of collision and idle listening. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach performs better compared with load adaptive MAC (LA-MAC) protocol in typical IoT scenario.Index Terms: Internet of Things, Wireless sensor networks, Medium access control, Energy efficiency and clustering.

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MAC layer-based evaluation of IoT technologies: LoRa, SigFox and NB-IoT

Cited by 73 publications

References 14 publications

Low-Power Wide Area Network Technologies for Internet-of-Things: A Comparative Review

Low-Power Wide Area Network Technologies for Internet-of-Things: A Comparative Review

Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: Design Goals, Architecture, Suitability to Use Cases and Research Challenges

An Energy Efficient Clustering-based Load Adaptive MAC (CLAMAC) Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in IoT

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