Macro- and microglial responses in the fellow eyes contralateral to glaucomatous eyes

Different Ipsi- and Contralateral Glial Responses to Anti-VEGF and Triamcinolone Intravitreal Injections in Rats

“…[29][30][31] At present we do not know the mechanism responsible for the response in the contralateral fellow eyes, but one possibility is the limited systemic absorption of the injected substances, and, alternatively, that retinal or eye injury results in systemic inflammatory or paracrine-mediated effects that reach the fellow eye. 59 In this latter context, the microglial response may be subtle and not reach statistical significance, as in this study, or may be more intense when the insult is clearly damaging, such as after axotomy 37 or elevation of the intraocular pressure. [59][60][61][62] In summary, this work shows that there are important reactions of the glial cells in the retina to single or repeated IVI of different substances.…”

“…59 In this latter context, the microglial response may be subtle and not reach statistical significance, as in this study, or may be more intense when the insult is clearly damaging, such as after axotomy 37 or elevation of the intraocular pressure. [59][60][61][62] In summary, this work shows that there are important reactions of the glial cells in the retina to single or repeated IVI of different substances. All the injected substances cause an important micro-and macroglial response locally at the injection site and widely spread throughout the injected retina that is exacerbated by repeated injections.…”

“…For example, topical instillation of saline to one eye resulted in marked upregulation of the mRNA expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in the intact, contralateral fellow retina. 57 More recently, a detailed study of the macro-and microglia has shown that following elevation of the intraocular pressure in one eye, there are marked changes in the contralateral fellow intact eye, [58][59][60][61][62] highlighting the observation that activation of the retinal macro-and microglia in the uninjured eye may result as a consequence of injury to the contralateral fellow eye-thus confirming original observations that unilateral injury to one adult rat optic nerve may cause multiple cellular responses in the contralateral site. 63 In this work we studied the retinal glial response (microglia, astrocytes and Müller cells) of the rodent retina after single or repeated IVI of the substances most used at present in ophthalmology, anti-VEGF and corticosteroids, and their respective vehicles.…”

Involvement of P2X7 receptor in neuronal degeneration triggered by traumatic injury

“…In mice, RGC death after ON axotomy is already significant at day 3, and stabilizes at day 9, when around 20% of the original RGC population still survives3. Moreover, the effect of the lesion is not confined to the injured retina, since there is a microglial response in the contralateral uninjured retina45. Thus, this model is ideal to study in vivo and relatively quick the fate of axotomized neurons with or without a given treatment3456, i.e.…”

“…Moreover, the effect of the lesion is not confined to the injured retina, since there is a microglial response in the contralateral uninjured retina45. Thus, this model is ideal to study in vivo and relatively quick the fate of axotomized neurons with or without a given treatment3456, i.e. to test neuroprotective therapies or use genetic approaches to test whether the lack of a given protein is pernicious, protective or innocuous.…”