Macroautophagy is repressed during mitosis – seeing is believing

Abstract

For the last two decades there has been wide ranging debate about the status of macroautophagy during mitosis. Because metazoan cells undergo an "open" mitosis in which the nuclear envelope breaks down, it has been proposed that macroautophagy must be inhibited to maintain genome integrity. While many studies have agreed that the number of autophagosomes is greatly reduced in cells undergoing mitosis, there has been no consensus on whether this reflects decreased autophagosome synthesis or increased autophagosome degradation. Reviewing the literature we were concerned that many studies relied too heavily on autophagy assays that were simply not appropriate for a relatively brief event such as mitosis. Using highly dynamic omegasome markers we have recently shown unequivocally that autophagosome synthesis is repressed at the onset of mitosis and is restored once cell division is complete. This is accomplished by CDK1, the master regulator of mitosis, taking over the function of MTORC1, to ensure autophagy is repressed during mitosis.

CDK1, the Other ‘Master Regulator’ of Autophagy

“…Thus, they concluded that autophagy was not repressed, and some argued that the reduction in autophagosome number early in mitosis was a result of rapid clearance [14]. However, there are concerns with such strategies [18]. Briefly, LC3 is not sufficiently dynamic to accurately assess whether autophagosomes have originated in mitosis (which lasts 60-90 minutes) or the preceding interphase.…”

Integrated analysis of the lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in salt sensitivity of blood pressure

“…PTAFR is found to be an antipsychotic target receptor potentially associated with pneumonia [ 35 ]. RPTOR plays an important role during mitosis [ 36 ]. The mutations in KCNJ2 cause genetic sudden cardiac death syndromes [ 37 ].…”

Agaricus blazei Murrill Polysaccharide Attenuates Periodontitis via H2S/NRF2 Axis‐Boosted Appropriate Level of Autophagy in PDLCs

“…Chronic inflammation is the most common factor leading to bone destruction in periodontitis. [ 38,39 ] Autophagy is basically a cellular recycling pathway that serves as a defense against various abnormal stimulations. [ 40 ] The development of periodontitis takes years, and autophagy is a dynamic process.…”