“…Such a high value makes it comparable to the levels that inorganic, toxic quantum dots or some uorescent polymers provide. 36,37 In the literature, Hidalgo et al 38 reported the QYs of norharman, harmane, harmalol, and harmol, which are the chemical compounds in P. harmala extract, as 16%, 17%, 39%, and 49%, respectively. These values were signicantly lower than our QY results.…”