Macromonomers having different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol and end group functionalities in dispersion polymerization of styrene

Kim, So Yeun; Lee, Kangseok; Jung, Hyejun; Shim, Sang Eun; Lee, Byung H.; Choe, Soonja

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.055

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The various concentrations of the macromonomers (PUM-M and PUM-A) from PEG1000, PEG2000, PEG4000, and PEG8000 were applied to synthesize the stable PS particles. The structural verification of the macromonomers and PS was confirmed with 13 C-NMR and FTIR. The maximum conversion varied between 82 and 90% with 30 wt % concentrations of the macromonomer in both systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Details of the synthesis and characterization of the macromonomers are given in our previous publication. 13 Scheme 1 illustrates a representative synthetic route for an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer and the resultant bifunctional, vinyl-terminated polyurethane macromonomers (PUM-M and PUM-A).…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 In addition, various macromonomers consisting of PEGs with different number-average molecular weights and several terminal groups were synthesized, and the effects of the macromonomers on the synthesized PS prepared by dispersion polymerization were thoroughly investigated. 13 In this study, vinyl-terminated polyurethane macromonomers with methacrylamide and acrylamide were synthesized and applied to the dispersion polymerization of styrene with various concentrations (5-30 wt %) of macromonomers. Then, the PEG number-average molecular weights and macromonomer-concentration-dependent characteristics of the PS particles, such as the conversion, weight-average molecular weight, weight-average diameter, uniformity, glass-transition temperature, thermal stability, and grafting ratio, were thoroughly investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of polyurethane‐based macromonomers in the dispersion polymerization of styrene

Kim

Lee

Jung

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two different polyurethane-based macromonomers, a polyurethane macromonomer with methacrylamide (PUM-M) and a polyurethane macromonomer with acrylamide (PUM-A), were synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) of various molecular weights and two different amides, methacrylamide and acrylamide, and they were used for the dispersion polymerization of styrene. The structures of the macromonomers and polystyrene (PS) particles were verified with 13 C-NMR and Fourier transform infrared. The weight-average molecular weights of the PS particles increased with the macromonomer concentration but decreased with the PEG molecular weight. The average diameter of the PS particles increased with the PEG molecular weights but decreased with the macromonomer concentration. The thermal stability of PUM-A-PS was enhanced, and its grafting ratio with 30 wt % PUM-A was much higher than that of PUM-M-PS. Thus, this study suggested that the polyurethane-based macromonomers act not only as reactive stabilizers but also as grafting agents in the dispersion polymerization. In addition, the acrylamide end group provided better thermal stability than methacrylamide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of polyurethane‐based macromonomers in the dispersion polymerization of styrene

Kim

Lee

Jung

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…However, in the styrene monomer system, the vinyl urethane macromonomer was verified as a reactive stabilizer owing to the 1 H NMR spectra, the high molecular weight and the thermal properties of macromonomer-grafted PS [20]. Then, the macromonomers consisting of different molecular weights of PEG and various terminal groups were synthesized and the role of the macromonomers in the dispersion polymerization of styrene was reported as a reactive stabilizer and grafting agent [21]. Moreover, the various structures of vinyl monomer in macromonomers were influenced on the characteristics of PS particles [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction and stabilizing mechanism of the cross-type macromonomers in the dispersion polymerization of styrene

Jung

Song

Lee

et al. 2007

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…The use of macromonomers provides a facile route to control the molecular structure of polymers, including crosslinked and branched copolymers, such as comb, star, brush and graft types. 40,41 In our previous studies, we investigated the synthesis and characterization of a syndiotactic polystyrene-grafte-[polystyrene-block-poly (p-methylstyrene)]/MgAl-layered double-hydroxide nanocomposite using polymer intercalation from the solution into the MgAl-layered double hydroxide. 13 At least two important factors need to be considered to achieve the homogeneous dispersion of the clay or layered double hydroxide layers in the sPS or its graft copolymer hybrids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exfoliated syndiotactic polystyrene-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite prepared by solvent blending

Jaymand

2011

Polym J

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This study aims to explore an effective route for the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer onto syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) using free-radical polymerization, and the effects of an organophilic montmorillonite on the final properties of graft copolymer samples. For this purpose, the chlorine groups of a-phenyl-chloro-acetylated sPS were converted to 9-decen-1-oxy groups by a substitution nucleophilic reaction in the presence of a solvent composed of 9-decen-1-ol moiety, sodium hydride (NaH) and dry N,N-dimethylformamide. The vinyl-terminated sPS multicenter macromonomer (VsPSM) obtained was used in free-radical copolymerization with MMA monomer in a heterogeneous process to yield a graft copolymer (sPS-graftpoly(methyl methacrylate) (sPS-g-PMMA)). The structure of VsPSM and sPS-g-PMMA were determined by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thereafter, organophilic MMT was obtained after being treated with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride salt by an ion-exchange process. Finally, the sPS-g-PMMA/MMT nanocomposite was prepared by a solution intercalation method. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm nanocomposite formation. It was found that the addition of only a small amount of organoclay (3 wt%) was enough to improve the thermal stabilities and properties of the nanocomposite. Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 901-908; doi:10.1038/pj.2011.79; published online 7 September 2011Keywords: free-radical polymerization; graft copolymer; macromonomer; montmorillonite; nanocomposite; poly(methyl methacrylate); syndiotactic polystyrene INTRODUCTION Nanocomposites are defined as materials in which the particle size of the dispersed phase is in the nanometer range in at least one dimension. Organic-inorganic hybrids based on layered inorganic compounds, such as clays and organic polymers, have been studied because of their exceptional properties, such as increased modulus, strength, reduced gas permeability and enhanced thermal stability. [1][2][3][4][5] The dispersion of the silicate layers in the polymer matrix is improved by replacing the metal cations in the clay (such as sodium MMT; Na + -MMT) with ions bearing an aliphatic chain to compatibilize the silicate. This compatibilization enhances the silicate's interaction with the polymer by enlarging the interlayer, and the compatibilized clay is known as an organoclay. [6][7][8][9] Although complete compatibility between the long aliphatic chain of the organic modifier and the polymer matrix may be desirable for better dispersion of the clay, it appears that the modification of the clay by the introduction of surfactants to obtain better compatibility is less important than the modification of the polymer matrix by the introduction of polar groups. Polymers containing polar groups capable of associative interactions, such as Lewis acid/base interactions or hydrogen bonding, lead to intercalation of polymer chains in the silicate layers. To improve the polarizability or hy...

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Macromonomers having different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol and end group functionalities in dispersion polymerization of styrene

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of polyurethane‐based macromonomers in the dispersion polymerization of styrene

Effect of polyurethane‐based macromonomers in the dispersion polymerization of styrene

Reaction and stabilizing mechanism of the cross-type macromonomers in the dispersion polymerization of styrene

Exfoliated syndiotactic polystyrene-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite prepared by solvent blending

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