Macrophage in vitro Response on Hybrid Coatings Obtained by Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation

Abstract

The improvement in the research area of the implant by surface functionalization when correlated with the biological response is of major interest in the biomedical field. Based on the fact that the inflammatory response is directly involved in the ultimate response of the implant within the body, it is essential to study the macrophage-material interactions. Within this context, we have investigated the composite material-macrophage cell interactions and the inflammatory response to these composites with amorphous hydroxyapatite (HA), Lactoferrin (Lf), and polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PEG-PCL) copolymer. All materials are obtained by Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique and characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Macrophage-differentiated THP-1 cells proliferation and metabolic activity were assessed by qualitative and quantitative methods. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) cytokine, in the presence and absence of the inflammatory stimuli (bacterial endotoxin; lipopolysaccharide (LPS)), was measured using an ELISA assay. Our results revealed that the cellular response depended on the physical-chemical characteristics of the coatings. Copolymer-HA-Lf coatings led to low level of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, the increased level of anti-inflammatory IL-10, and the polarization of THP-1 cells towards an M2 pro-reparative phenotype in the presence of LPS. These findings could have important potential for the development of composite coatings in implant applications.

Nanomagnetite-embedded PLGA Spheres for Multipurpose Medical Applications

“…The viability of THP-1 monocytes grown on materials with thin films of nanomagnetite-embedded biopolymeric spheres of drug-free PLGA (S), IBUP-loaded PLGA (IBUP10), or IBUP-loaded PLGA-CS (IBUP10 CS) was evaluated by MTS colorimetric assay 24 h and 72 h after the differentiation process to macrophages occurred (48 h stimulation with PMA). THP-1 cells differentiated to macrophages were used because monocytes/macrophages have a key role in the inflammatory process [97].…”

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Response to Lactoferrin-based Composite Coatings

“…The value is close to that previously reported by us for HA-based composite coatings. [20,22]. PEG-PCL-Me assures a gradual degrading period and the number of pulses for Co was chosen to provide a full coverage and/or an entrapping matrix for HA, LF or both.…”

“…Our previous work demonstrated the synergetic effect of coupling Lf with either antitumoral drugs or osteogenic HA within a biodegradable polymeric matrix [20,21,22]. The hybrid coating of the PEG-PCL-Me-HA-Lf promoted matrix mineralization and osteogenic differentiation of the murine osteoblast cell model in osteoinductive conditions [21] and exhibited low levels of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, high levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine, and increased polarization of human THP-1 macrophage cells towards M2 pro-reparative phenotype [22].…”

“…Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) is an efficient method to obtain multifunctional single or multiple compound biocoatings-polymers, proteins, graphene, nanoparticles and even larger compounds, such as microspheres, bacteria [20,21,22,30,31,32,33].…”

“…We recently demonstrated the use of MAPLE as a single-step method for embedding multiple bioactive factors into a biodegradable synthetic polymeric coating without losing the functionality of proteins or drugs [20,22]. It was shown that by entrapping the osteoconductive factor HA and low quantities of Lf within a biodegradable copolymer matrix, both the inflammatory response and osteoblasts’ response were dictated by the coating composition and characteristics [20,22].…”