Macrophage migration inhibitory factor up‐regulates the expression of interleukin‐8 messenger RNA in synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis patients: Common transcriptional regulatory mechanism between interleukin‐8 and interleukin‐1β

Regulation of IL-1 and TNF Receptor Expression and Function by Endogenous Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor

“…Moreover, anti-MIF mAb inhibits IL-1-induced cell activation, without effects on NF-B, and NF-B inhibition does not inhibit the biological effects of MIF (21). Upregulation of NF-B DNA binding by MIF has been reported in RA FLS, but only at supraphysiologic concentrations (1 g/ml) (44), whereas induction of AP-1 DNA binding occurred at a more physiological concentration. MIF has been reported not to directly affect I B kinase activity (45) TNF-induced NF-B was identical in control and MIF antisense-transfected cells (46).…”

A Novel Allosteric Inhibitor of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF)

“…In the capacity of a cytokine, MIF functions as a central upstream mediator of innate immunity and a regulator of inflammation (2). MIF is believed to initiate inflammation by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF␣, interleukins (IL-1␤, IL-6, and IL-8), and tissue-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (3)(4)(5). MIF also promotes inflammation by inducing a wide range of pro-inflammatory cellular processes, which include phagocytosis, T-cell proliferation, counter-regulation of immunosuppressive action of glucocorticoids, activation of macrophages, and promotion of their continued survival through suppression of p53-dependent apoptosis (2, 6 -11).…”

“…It has been shown that pretreatment of fibroblasts with rhMIF increases IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine levels in the culture medium, and the presence of MIF-specific inhibitors, such as ISO-1 and anti-MIF antibody, diminishes this effect (5). To examine the effect of p425 on MIF-induced cytokine production, we measured the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in the culture medium of human foreskin fibroblast cells, previously treated with rhMIF in the presence or absence of p425, ISO-1, or anti-MIF antibody.…”

Novel Anti-inflammatory Activity of Epoxyazadiradione against Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor

“…NF-B translocation to the nucleus by different proinflammatory cytokines including huMIF has already been reported (24,(73)(74)(75)(76)(77). To further evaluate the effect of epoxyazadiradione on MIF-induced translocation of NF-B to the nucleus, an EMSA was performed.…”