Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffold with High Permeability/Porosity Ratio

Abstract

Macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with channel-shaped pores was produced by a novel dual-phase mixing method. The processing route includes mixing water-based BCP slurry and polymethylmethacrylate resin; shaping in a mold; and polymerization, drying, pyrolyzing, and sintering. After comparison with two other commercial macroporous BCP materials, which were produced along different routes, it was found that conventional parameters such as porosity and pore size cannot describe a macroporous structure precisely enough for the application as tissue-engineering scaffold. Instead, permeability can be seen as an intrinsic and quantitative parameter to describe the macroporous structure of various scaffolds, because it is independent of sample size and fluid used in the test. Another parameter, the permeability/porosity ratio, provides an indication of the percolative efficiency per unit porous volume of a scaffold. Structural characterizations and permeability studies of other macroporous scaffold materials were also performed, and it was found that permeability could reflect a combination of five important parameters for scaffold: (1) porosity, (2) pore size and distribution, (3) interconnectivity, (4) fenestration size and distribution, and (5) orientation of pores. Finally, the implications of relating permeability with biological performances are also discussed.

Bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…To our knowledge, there are only a few studies on the permeability assessment/evaluation of porous bioceramic scaffolds including both numerical modeling [147] and experimental determination of permeability constants [95,145,148,149]. In a recent study on bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds confirming that the fabricated scaffolds had transport properties as well as pore structure close to trabecular bone.…”

Development of DNA Based Active Macro–Materials for Biology and Medicine: A Review

“…In this hydrogel, the pore structure depends on the length of the crosslinker, the nature of the polymer and interactions between the two. It is noted that in addition to the pore size/distribution and porosity that are generally of concern, pore interconnectivity, shape and uniformity are also of great significance in certain applications (Li et al 2003).…”

Permeability Evaluation of 45S5 Bioglass Macroporous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…La permeabilidad controla el flujo de nutrientes a través del andamio hacia las células que migran en su interior. En estudios realizados se ha encontrado que el crecimiento celular dentro del andamio, depende de que los nutrientes puedan permear al interior de la estructura porosa durante el cultivo celular [7,8] .…”